Self-efficacy and students' readiness for providing nursing care through telenursing
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Sep 20, 2025
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Abstract
The advancement of technology has transformed the way nursing care is delivered. This study aimed to assess self-efficacy and readiness among nursing students in providing nursing care through telenursing at STIKES Amanah Makassar. Research design was a mixed-methods with a sequential explanatory consisting of two phases. The first phase used a retrospective quantitative approach with a standardized questionnaire. The second phase employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. The results indicated that all students had high self-efficacy (100%), but their readiness to implement telenursing varied, where students’ high readiness (88.2%) and moderate (11.8%). Qualitative analysis revealed that although students were confident in their basic nursing skills, they still faced challenges with the technical aspects and adaptation to telenursing technology. Self-efficacy and readiness played a significant role in students' ability to provide nursing care through telenursing. All students have high self-efficacy were better prepared to face mental and technical challenges, including technology adaptation. While most students showed good readiness, there was still a need for strengthening technical skills and understanding of telenursing. Although each student showed a high level of self-efficacy, there were differences in their preparedness to use telenursing.
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How to Cite
Karra, A. K. D., Juwita, H., Qasim, M. and Yusuf, S. (2025) “Self-efficacy and students’ readiness for providing nursing care through telenursing”, Science Midwifery, 13(4), pp. 988-997. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i4.2074.
References
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Akbarirad, M. et al. (2023) ‘The Effect of Telenursing on Disease Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review’, Journal of Diabetes Research, 2023. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4729430.
Akhmad, V.S. et al. (2019) ‘The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Readiness of Interprofessional Education (IPE) among Students at the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences UIN Alauddin Makassar’, Journal of Health Science and Prevention, 3(3S), pp. 99–106. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v3i3s.297.
Albert Bandura (1977). ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.’, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
Alshammari, A., Alanazi, M. F., & Bahari, G. (2024). ‘Nursing students’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes regarding telehealth and telenursing use for high-quality healthcare: A cross-sectional study’, Nurse Education Today, p. 142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106359.
Fadhila, R. and Afriani, T. (2019) ‘Penerapan Telenursing Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan : Literature Review’, Jurnal Keperawatan Abdurrab, 3(2), pp. 77–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36341/jka.v3i2.837.
Hargreaves, L. et al. (2021) ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Nursing Student Education: Telenursing with Virtual Clinical Experiences’, SAGE Open Nursing, 7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211044618.
Holleb, A.J. (2016) ‘Principal Self-Efficacy Beliefs: What Factors Matter?’, p. 169.
Judd E. Hollander, M.D., and Brendan G. Carr, M.D. (2020) ‘Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 Judd’, The New England Journal of Medicine, 11(358), pp. 1089–1092.
Kazawa, K. et al. (2022) ‘Undergraduate nursing students’ learning experiences of a telehealth clinical practice program during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study’, Nurse Education Today, 111(January), p. 105297. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105297.
Kementrian Kesehatan (2023) ‘Mediakom’, Mediakom [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/mediakom-edisi-157.
Khraisat, O.M.A., Al-Bashaireh, A.M. and Alnazly, E. (2023) ‘Telenursing implications for future education and practice: Nursing students’ perspectives and knowledge from a course on child health’, PLoS ONE, 18(11 November), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294711.
Kumalasari, S.A., Suparti, S. and Raani, K. (2021) ‘Self-Efficacy and Readiness Towards Early Clinical Exposure Among Nursing Students’, IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices), 5(2), pp. 104–111. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.v5i2.13460.
Lister, M. et al. (2018) ‘Telehealth and telenursing using simulation for pre-licensure USA students’, Nurse Education in Practice, 29, pp. 59–63. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.10.031.
Madhuwanthi, R.M. et al. (2022) ‘Are Nurses Ready for Digital Health?’, Sri Lankan Journal of Nursing, 1(2), pp. 49–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljn.v1i2.36.
Mun, M., Choi, S. and Woo, K. (2024) ‘Investigating perceptions and attitude toward telenursing among undergraduate nursing students for the future of nursing education: a cross-sectional study’, BMC Nursing, 23(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01903-2.
Nejadshafiee, M. et al. (2022) ‘Providing telenursing care for victims: a simulated study for introducing of possibility nursing interventions in disasters’, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 22(1), pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01792-y.
Novrianto, R., Marettih, A.K.E. and Wahyudi, H. (2019) ‘Validitas Konstruk Instrumen General Self Efficacy Scale Versi Indonesia’, Jurnal Psikologi, 15(1), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v15i1.6943.
Pandin, M.G. et al. (2021) ‘Telenursing as a New Nursing Paradigm in the 21 Century: A Literature Review’, Unpublished [Preprint], (October). Available at: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202103.0704.v1.
Pepito, J.A.T. and Locsin, R.C. (2018) ‘How can nurses drive technologies of healthcare in the Asia-pacific’, Asian Pacific Island Nursing Journal, 3(4), pp. 190–198. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31372/20180304.1022.
Raesi, R. et al. (2021) ‘The impact of education through nurse-led telephone follow-up (telenursing) on the quality of life of COVID-19 patients’, Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 96(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00093-y.
Rutledge, C.M. et al. (2021) ‘Telehealth Competencies for Nursing Education and Practice: The Four P’s of Telehealth’, Nurse Educator, 46(5), pp. 300–305. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000988.
Souza-Junior, V. D., Mendes, I. A., Mazzo, A., & Godoy, S. (2016) ‘Application of Telenursing in Nursing Practice: an Integrative Literature Review’, Applied nursing research : ANR, 29, pp. 254–260. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.005.
Thomas, Rebecca Maeve DNP, WHNP-BC; Moore, Lori Prewitt DNP, FNP-BC, CHSE; Urquhart, Brady Baker MSN; Harris, Shannon DNP, FNP, CCRN; Davis, Sara PhD, RN, PCNS-BC; Farmer, Joseph MSN; Thornton, Rebecca CHSE; Hawley, N.M. (2023) ‘Use of Simulated Telenursing With Standardized Patients to Enhance Prelicensure Nursing Education.’, Nurse Educator, 48(6), pp. E191–E195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097NNE. 0000000000001410.
Turan, M.B. and Koç, K. (2018) ‘The impact of self-directed learning readiness on critical thinking and self-efficacy among the students of the school of physical education and sports’, International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), pp. 98–105. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p98.
Akbarirad, M. et al. (2023) ‘The Effect of Telenursing on Disease Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review’, Journal of Diabetes Research, 2023. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4729430.
Akhmad, V.S. et al. (2019) ‘The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Readiness of Interprofessional Education (IPE) among Students at the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences UIN Alauddin Makassar’, Journal of Health Science and Prevention, 3(3S), pp. 99–106. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29080/jhsp.v3i3s.297.
Albert Bandura (1977). ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.’, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
Alshammari, A., Alanazi, M. F., & Bahari, G. (2024). ‘Nursing students’ awareness, knowledge, and attitudes regarding telehealth and telenursing use for high-quality healthcare: A cross-sectional study’, Nurse Education Today, p. 142. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106359.
Fadhila, R. and Afriani, T. (2019) ‘Penerapan Telenursing Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan : Literature Review’, Jurnal Keperawatan Abdurrab, 3(2), pp. 77–84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36341/jka.v3i2.837.
Hargreaves, L. et al. (2021) ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Nursing Student Education: Telenursing with Virtual Clinical Experiences’, SAGE Open Nursing, 7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608211044618.
Holleb, A.J. (2016) ‘Principal Self-Efficacy Beliefs: What Factors Matter?’, p. 169.
Judd E. Hollander, M.D., and Brendan G. Carr, M.D. (2020) ‘Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 Judd’, The New England Journal of Medicine, 11(358), pp. 1089–1092.
Kazawa, K. et al. (2022) ‘Undergraduate nursing students’ learning experiences of a telehealth clinical practice program during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study’, Nurse Education Today, 111(January), p. 105297. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105297.
Kementrian Kesehatan (2023) ‘Mediakom’, Mediakom [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/mediakom-edisi-157.
Khraisat, O.M.A., Al-Bashaireh, A.M. and Alnazly, E. (2023) ‘Telenursing implications for future education and practice: Nursing students’ perspectives and knowledge from a course on child health’, PLoS ONE, 18(11 November), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294711.
Kumalasari, S.A., Suparti, S. and Raani, K. (2021) ‘Self-Efficacy and Readiness Towards Early Clinical Exposure Among Nursing Students’, IJNP (Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices), 5(2), pp. 104–111. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18196/ijnp.v5i2.13460.
Lister, M. et al. (2018) ‘Telehealth and telenursing using simulation for pre-licensure USA students’, Nurse Education in Practice, 29, pp. 59–63. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.10.031.
Madhuwanthi, R.M. et al. (2022) ‘Are Nurses Ready for Digital Health?’, Sri Lankan Journal of Nursing, 1(2), pp. 49–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4038/sljn.v1i2.36.
Mun, M., Choi, S. and Woo, K. (2024) ‘Investigating perceptions and attitude toward telenursing among undergraduate nursing students for the future of nursing education: a cross-sectional study’, BMC Nursing, 23(1), pp. 1–13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01903-2.
Nejadshafiee, M. et al. (2022) ‘Providing telenursing care for victims: a simulated study for introducing of possibility nursing interventions in disasters’, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 22(1), pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-01792-y.
Novrianto, R., Marettih, A.K.E. and Wahyudi, H. (2019) ‘Validitas Konstruk Instrumen General Self Efficacy Scale Versi Indonesia’, Jurnal Psikologi, 15(1), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v15i1.6943.
Pandin, M.G. et al. (2021) ‘Telenursing as a New Nursing Paradigm in the 21 Century: A Literature Review’, Unpublished [Preprint], (October). Available at: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202103.0704.v1.
Pepito, J.A.T. and Locsin, R.C. (2018) ‘How can nurses drive technologies of healthcare in the Asia-pacific’, Asian Pacific Island Nursing Journal, 3(4), pp. 190–198. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31372/20180304.1022.
Raesi, R. et al. (2021) ‘The impact of education through nurse-led telephone follow-up (telenursing) on the quality of life of COVID-19 patients’, Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 96(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00093-y.
Rutledge, C.M. et al. (2021) ‘Telehealth Competencies for Nursing Education and Practice: The Four P’s of Telehealth’, Nurse Educator, 46(5), pp. 300–305. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000988.
Souza-Junior, V. D., Mendes, I. A., Mazzo, A., & Godoy, S. (2016) ‘Application of Telenursing in Nursing Practice: an Integrative Literature Review’, Applied nursing research : ANR, 29, pp. 254–260. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.005.
Thomas, Rebecca Maeve DNP, WHNP-BC; Moore, Lori Prewitt DNP, FNP-BC, CHSE; Urquhart, Brady Baker MSN; Harris, Shannon DNP, FNP, CCRN; Davis, Sara PhD, RN, PCNS-BC; Farmer, Joseph MSN; Thornton, Rebecca CHSE; Hawley, N.M. (2023) ‘Use of Simulated Telenursing With Standardized Patients to Enhance Prelicensure Nursing Education.’, Nurse Educator, 48(6), pp. E191–E195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097NNE. 0000000000001410.
Turan, M.B. and Koç, K. (2018) ‘The impact of self-directed learning readiness on critical thinking and self-efficacy among the students of the school of physical education and sports’, International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), pp. 98–105. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p98.