The relationship between stunting and breastfeeding cessation in toddlers
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Oct 3, 2025
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Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding cessation and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Medan City. A total of 124 toddlers participated, with 50% experiencing stunting. Descriptive analysis showed that most mothers stopped breastfeeding between 0–6 months (50.81%), while the majority of toddlers (89.52%) consumed formula milk until 54–60 months. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test indicated non-normal data distribution (p = 0.000), leading to the use of Spearman’s rank correlation. Results revealed a significant moderate positive correlation between breastfeeding cessation age and stunting incidence (r = 0.432; p = 0.000), indicating that earlier cessation of breastfeeding increases the risk of stunting. These findings align with previous research emphasizing the critical role of breastfeeding in stunting prevention. Although formula milk consumption was common, it did not significantly influence stunting alone. Therefore, stunting prevention efforts should prioritize exclusive breastfeeding for six months and continued breastfeeding up to two years, alongside improved complementary feeding, environmental sanitation, and maternal nutrition. A multisectoral approach is essential to effectively reduce stunting prevalence and improve toddler health in Medan City.
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How to Cite
Simanjuntak, A. S., Pratama, I. H. and Simanullang, P. H. (2025) “The relationship between stunting and breastfeeding cessation in toddlers”, Science Midwifery, 13(4), pp. 1025-1035. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i4.2086.
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Arumsari, D. R., Sukma, F., & Istiananingsih, Y. (2023). Kesehatan Mental Perinatal Dan Luaran Menyusui. Nermid : Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 6(1), 96–113. https://nersmid.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/nersmid/article/view/142
Aurima, J., Susaldi, S., Agustina, N., Masturoh, A., Rahmawati, R., & Tresiana Monika Madhe, M. (2021). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia. Open Access Jakarta Journal of Health Sciences, 1(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.53801/oajjhs.v1i3.23
Daracantika, A., Ainin, & Besral. (2021). Systematic Literature Review : Pengaruh Negatif Stunting terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Systematic Literature Review : The Negative Effect of Stunting on Children ’ s Cognitive Development Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tidak optimalnya kemam. Bikfokes, 1(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.7454/bikfokes.v1i2.1012
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Kebo, S. S., Husada, D. H., & Lestari, P. L. (2021). Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infant At the Public Health Center of Ile Bura. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, 5(3), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v5i3.2021.288-298
Lestari, P. P., & Aulia, F. (2024). Risk Factor For Early Breastfeeding Cessation. INVOLUSI: Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan, 14(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.61902/involusi.v14i1.757
Lestiarini, S., & Sulistyorini, Y. (2020). Perilaku Ibu pada Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) di Kelurahan Pegirian. Jurnal PROMKES, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v8.i1.2020.1-11
Maharani, A. F. R. (2022). TAFSIR TARBAWI: Konsep Ulul dalam Al-Qur’an (Al-Bab, Nuha, Azmi, Abshar). OSF Preprint, 1–8.
Muharyani, Widita, P. (2022). Tantangan Yang Dihadapi Ibu Menyusui Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Anak: ASI Eksklusif. Jurnal Keperawatan, 14(September), 893–906.
Nidia Suriani, Risnita, M. S. J. (2023). Konsep Populasi dan Sampling Serta Pemilihan Partisipan Ditinjau Dari Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 24–36.
Nirmalasari, N. O. (2020). Stunting Pada Anak : Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Stunting di Indonesia. Qawwam: Journal For Gender Mainstreming, 14(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.20414/Qawwam.v14i1.2372
Organization, W. H. (2020, August 3). Layanan dan program yang secara aman mempromosikan praktik menyusui selama pandemi harus diprioritaskan agar kesehatan anak dan ibu terlindungi. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/indonesia/id/news/detail/03-08-2020-world-breastfeeding-week-unicef-and-who-call-on-the-government-and-employers-to-support-breastfeeding-mothers-in-indonesia-during-covid-19
Pratiwi, A., Utomo, M. T., Etika, R., Handayani, K. D., & Angelika, D. (2023). The Relationship Between Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition on Body Weight, Incidence of NEC, Sepsis and Length of Care for Preterm Infant in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Pharmacognosy Journal, 15(1), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.12
Andreas. (2024). Penilaian Status Gizi Anak, Cara Mengukur hingga Membaca Hasilnya. Hellosehat. https://hellosehat.com/parenting/anak-6-sampai-9-tahun/gizi-anak/status-gizi-anak/
Anjani, D. M., Nurhayati, S., & Immawati. (2024). Penerapan Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan IbuTentang Stunting Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Uptd PuskesmasRawat Inap Banjarsari Metro Utara. Jurnal Cendikia Muda, 4(1), 62–69.
Anna Uswatun Qoyyimah, Lilik Hartati, S. A. F. (2020). Hubungan Kejadian Stunting Dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Desa Wangen Polanharjo, Klaten. INVOLUSI: Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan, 12(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.61902/involusi.v11i1.173
Arumsari, D. R., Sukma, F., & Istiananingsih, Y. (2023). Kesehatan Mental Perinatal Dan Luaran Menyusui. Nermid : Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 6(1), 96–113. https://nersmid.unmerbaya.ac.id/index.php/nersmid/article/view/142
Aurima, J., Susaldi, S., Agustina, N., Masturoh, A., Rahmawati, R., & Tresiana Monika Madhe, M. (2021). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia. Open Access Jakarta Journal of Health Sciences, 1(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.53801/oajjhs.v1i3.23
Daracantika, A., Ainin, & Besral. (2021). Systematic Literature Review : Pengaruh Negatif Stunting terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Systematic Literature Review : The Negative Effect of Stunting on Children ’ s Cognitive Development Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar tidak optimalnya kemam. Bikfokes, 1(2), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.7454/bikfokes.v1i2.1012
Demsa Simbolon, N. P. (2024). Pencegahan Stunting melalui Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia: Pendekatan Meta-Analisis. Amerta Nutrition, 8(1SP), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i1sp.2024.105-112
Efriani, R., & Astuti, D. A. (2020). Hubungan umur dan pekerjaan ibu menyusui dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Jurnal Kebidanan, 9(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.26714/jk.9.2.2020.153-162
Farida Wahyu Ningtyias, Sulistiyani, Leersia Yusi R., N. R. (2020). Gizi Dalam Daur Kehidupan. UPT Percetakan & Penerbitan Universitas Jember.
Firyal Faris Naufal, Hafifah Rahmi Indita, L. M. (2023). Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Amerta Nurition, 7(3), 442–448. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v7i3.2023.442-448
Herlianty, H., Setyawati, A., Lontaan, A., Limbong, T., Aris, I., & Putri, S. Z. (2023). Faktor Determinan Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 6- 59 Bulan. Judul Edukasi Ilmiah Kesehatan, 1(2), 73–79.
Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, X. Y., & Zeng, T. Y. (2022). The rates and factors of perceived insufficient milk supply: A systematic review. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13255
Izdihar, H., Cahyani, A. S. D., & Muniroh, L. (2023). Hubungan Riwayat ASI Eksklusif, Riwayat Pemberian MP-ASI, dan Pendidikan Ibu dengan Stunting pada Anak 12-36 Bulan di Puskesmas Sidotopo Surabaya. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(1), 338–343. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v12i1.2023.338-343
Jezua, E. M., Silitonga, H. T. H., & Rambung, E. (2021). ASI Ekslusif, Status Imunisasi, dan Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia : Studi Literatur. Prominentia Medical Journal, 2(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.37715/pmj.v2i1.2259
Kebede, T., Woldemichael, K., Jarso, H., & Bekele, B. B. (2020). Exclusive breastfeeding cessation and associated factors among employed mothers in Dukem town , Central Ethiopia. International Breastfeeding Journal, 9, 1–10.
Kebo, S. S., Husada, D. H., & Lestari, P. L. (2021). Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding in Infant At the Public Health Center of Ile Bura. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, 5(3), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v5i3.2021.288-298
Lestari, P. P., & Aulia, F. (2024). Risk Factor For Early Breastfeeding Cessation. INVOLUSI: Jurnal Ilmu Kebidanan, 14(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.61902/involusi.v14i1.757
Lestiarini, S., & Sulistyorini, Y. (2020). Perilaku Ibu pada Pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI) di Kelurahan Pegirian. Jurnal PROMKES, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v8.i1.2020.1-11
Maharani, A. F. R. (2022). TAFSIR TARBAWI: Konsep Ulul dalam Al-Qur’an (Al-Bab, Nuha, Azmi, Abshar). OSF Preprint, 1–8.
Muharyani, Widita, P. (2022). Tantangan Yang Dihadapi Ibu Menyusui Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Anak: ASI Eksklusif. Jurnal Keperawatan, 14(September), 893–906.
Nidia Suriani, Risnita, M. S. J. (2023). Konsep Populasi dan Sampling Serta Pemilihan Partisipan Ditinjau Dari Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan. IHSAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 24–36.
Nirmalasari, N. O. (2020). Stunting Pada Anak : Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Stunting di Indonesia. Qawwam: Journal For Gender Mainstreming, 14(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.20414/Qawwam.v14i1.2372
Organization, W. H. (2020, August 3). Layanan dan program yang secara aman mempromosikan praktik menyusui selama pandemi harus diprioritaskan agar kesehatan anak dan ibu terlindungi. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/indonesia/id/news/detail/03-08-2020-world-breastfeeding-week-unicef-and-who-call-on-the-government-and-employers-to-support-breastfeeding-mothers-in-indonesia-during-covid-19
Pratiwi, A., Utomo, M. T., Etika, R., Handayani, K. D., & Angelika, D. (2023). The Relationship Between Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition on Body Weight, Incidence of NEC, Sepsis and Length of Care for Preterm Infant in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Pharmacognosy Journal, 15(1), 86–89. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.12