Literature review: Personal hygiene genitalia and adolescent reproductive health
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Mar 20, 2025
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Abstract
Genital hygiene is an essential aspect of maintaining adolescent reproductive health. Poor hygiene practices can increase the risk of infections and other health problems. This study aims to review the relationship between genital personal hygiene and adolescent reproductive health based on various previous studies. The method used was a literature review of eleven scientific articles that discussed genital hygiene, reproductive health education, and factors that affect adolescent behavior in maintaining personal hygiene. The sources studied include quantitative and qualitative research from various countries. The results showed that teenage knowledge about genital hygiene was closely related to hygiene behavior. Health education, the role of parents, and effective methods of conveying information have been proven to contribute to increasing adolescents' awareness of the importance of genitalia hygiene. However, the research still has limitations, such as the lack of longitudinal studies and the lack of focus on adolescent boys. The conclusions of this review confirm that proper education about genital hygiene is essential to prevent reproductive health problems. Further research is needed with a wider population coverage, a more varied approach to methods, and the use of technology in genital hygiene education for adolescents.
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How to Cite
Sukmawati, S., Wahjuni Utami, J. N. and Astuti, T. (2025) “Literature review: Personal hygiene genitalia and adolescent reproductive health”, Science Midwifery, 13(1), pp. 9-18. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1863.
References
Ahn, S., & Cho, K. (2014). Personal Hygiene Practices related to Genito-urinary Tract and Menstrual Hygiene Management in Female Adolescents. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 20(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2014.20.3.215
Al-Kotb, H., Elbahnasawy, H. T. ., El Nagar, S. A. ., & Ghabyen, N. S. . (2016). Prevention for Genitourinary Tract Infection among Female Adolescents Students. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 05(04), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0504031218
Altundağ, S. (2024). Imparting genital hygiene skills to adolescents with intellectual disabilities attending a special education Centre: a quasi-experimental study on effect of short education. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2070421
Aminah, A., & Mayunita, A. (2024). Effectiveness of Health Education Toward Personal Hygiene During Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls. Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal), 10(4), 443–448. https://doi.org/10.33755/jkk.v10i4.728
Anggun Sasmita, Umratun Hayati, Cristina Tien Popang, & Anisa Nanang Sulistiyowati. (2024). The Relationship f The Role of Parents in Providing Reproductive Health Education and Care of Genital Organ Hygiene in Adolescent Women in Man Model Manado. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 3(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v3i1.2623
Asmara, R. D. S., Asiah, N., & Hidayati, H. (2023). Faktor Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Personal Hygiene saat Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri di SMA NEGERI 7 Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2022. Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2(4), 572–581. https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v2i4.2000
Chigbu, U. E., Atiku, S. O., & Du Plessis, C. C. (2023). The Science of Literature Reviews: Searching, Identifying, Selecting, and Synthesising. Publications, 11(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications11010002
Damayanti, R., Junita, F., & Nisa, H. (2024). Hubungan Pengetahuan Kebersihan Alat Kelamin Bagian Luar Dengan Kejadian Flour Albus (Keputihan) Pada Remaja Kelas 12 SMA PGRI 1 Kota Bekasi Tahun 2023. Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan, 14(2), 198–203. https://doi.org/10.52643/jbik.v14i2.3227
Freire, K., Pope, R., Jeffrey, K., Andrews, K., Nott, M., & Bowman, T. (2022). Engaging with Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Participatory Methods and Approaches in Research Informing the Development of Health Resources and Interventions. Adolescent Research Review, 7(3), 335–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00181-w
Gökşin, İ., & Demirhan, İ. (2024). The Effectiveness of Genital Hygiene Education Given to Secondary School Girls. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 18(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1381040
Ha, T., Givens, D., Shi, H., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, N., Shrestha, R., Frank, L., & Schensul, S. L. (2023). Assessing Barriers and Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Female Migrant Workers in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146368
Kamazima, S. R. (2023). Vaginal Douching: A Neglected Health Risk Behavior among Women and Sexually Active Adolescent Girls in Tanzania? EAS Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, 5(01), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpbs.2023.v05i01.001
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Paket Pelayanan Awal Minimum ( Ppam ) Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2017. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kumar Shah, S., Maharjan, P., Karki, K., Subedi, S., Shrestha, S., Laxmi Maharjan, P., Upadhayay, A., & Gurung, M. (2019). of Genital Health and Hygiene among Adolescent Girls of Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal. American Journal of Public Health Research, 7(4), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajphr-7-4-4
Kuruc, H. S., & Avci, N. (2024). Evaluation of Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Female Secondary School Students: in Turkiye. Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/14399
Laksmi, M. H., Puspawati, N. M. D., Stephanie, A., & Hariwangsa, P. G. (2022). Personal hygiene genitalia wanita. Intisari Sains Medis, 13(3), 542–546. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1461
MacRae, E. R., Clasen, T., Dasmohapatra, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2019). ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. PLoS ONE, 14(8), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220114
Mawarti, I., Mulyani, S., Keperawatan, J., & Jambi, U. (2023). Pendidikan Kesehatan Dan Demonstrasi Personal Hygiene Genetalia. Jurnal Pengabdian, 1–9.
Meriam, A. S., & Sitompul, M. (2022). Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Vulva Hygiene Saat Menstruasi Di Sma Advent Tompaso. Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.55912/jks.v10i1.43
Mudey, A. B., Kesharwani, N., Mudey, G. A., & Goyal, R. C. (2010). A Cross-sectional Study on Awareness Regarding Safe and Hygienic Practices amongst School Going Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of Wardha District, India. Global Journal of Health Science, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v2n2p225
Mumtaz, D. F., Hardiyanti, T., & Wardin, I. (2023). Analisis Perilaku Remaja tentang Genital Hygiene Care. Jurnal Perawat Indonesia, 6(3), 1173–1186. https://doi.org/10.32584/jpi.v6i3.1847
Mumtaz, D. F., Hardiyanti, T., Wardin, I., Surabaya, U. M., Purwokerto, U. M., & Cirebon, U. M. (2022). Analisis Perilaku Remaja tentang Pendahuluan keseimbangan PH vagina ditandai dengan Personal hygiene atau kebersihan diri penggunaan celana dalam yang terlalu ketat berasal dari bahasa Yunani yakni praktik yang maupun perilaku personal hygiene buruk berko. 6(3), 1173–1186.
Ngissa, N. S., Sanga, E., Nsanya, M. K., Kweka, B., Malindisa, E., & Mwaipopo, R. (2024). Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education: revealing its relevance for risky sexual behaviors among secondary school students in Mwanza, Tanzania. Reproductive Health, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-024-01798-x
Noyes, N., Cho, K. C., Ravel, J., Forney, L. J., & Abdo, Z. (2018). Associations between sexual habits, menstrual hygiene practices, demographics and the vaginal microbiome as revealed by Bayesian network analysis. PLoS ONE, 13(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191625
Nuraini, N., Hasanah, N., & Habibah, H. (2024). The Relationship Behavior Of Treat The External Genital Organs With Incidence Of Vulvovaginitis During Menstruation In Adolescent Girls. Jurnal Midpro, 16(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.30736/md.v16i1.768
Sibua, N. F., Arman, & Nurul Ulfah Mutthalib. (2023). Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tindakan Personal Hygiene Organ Reproduksi Eksterna Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 30 Makassar. Window of Public Health Journal, 4(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.33096/woph.v4i1.499
Sitkulanan, P., Chaisitsanguan, K., Winaiprasert, P., & Wong-Arsa, W. (2024). Problems of Myanmar Women of Reproductive Age in Accessing Health Services as Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Study. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 14(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.57287
Torondel, B., Sinha, S., Mohanty, J. R., Swain, T., Sahoo, P., Panda, B., Nayak, A., Bara, M., Bilung, B., Cumming, O., Panigrahi, P., & Das, P. (2018). Association between unhygienic menstrual management practices and prevalence. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 473. https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-018-3384-2
Ulya, A. Z., Sari, G. M., & Anis, W. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Motivasi terhadap Perilaku menjaga Higiene Vagina saat Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36656/jpk2r.v5i1.944
Umami, A., Paulik, E., Molnár, R., & Murti, B. (2022). The relationship between genital hygiene behaviors and genital infections among women: A systematic review. Jurnal Ners, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v17i1.34402
WHO. (2024). Understanding and addressing the specific health risks and needs adolescents face today is key to improving their future health, as well as for broader social and economic stability. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/six-actions-to-improve-adolescent-health
Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Xue, Y., Xu, H., & An, R. (2018). Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9703754
Al-Kotb, H., Elbahnasawy, H. T. ., El Nagar, S. A. ., & Ghabyen, N. S. . (2016). Prevention for Genitourinary Tract Infection among Female Adolescents Students. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 05(04), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0504031218
Altundağ, S. (2024). Imparting genital hygiene skills to adolescents with intellectual disabilities attending a special education Centre: a quasi-experimental study on effect of short education. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 70(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2070421
Aminah, A., & Mayunita, A. (2024). Effectiveness of Health Education Toward Personal Hygiene During Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls. Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal), 10(4), 443–448. https://doi.org/10.33755/jkk.v10i4.728
Anggun Sasmita, Umratun Hayati, Cristina Tien Popang, & Anisa Nanang Sulistiyowati. (2024). The Relationship f The Role of Parents in Providing Reproductive Health Education and Care of Genital Organ Hygiene in Adolescent Women in Man Model Manado. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 3(1), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v3i1.2623
Asmara, R. D. S., Asiah, N., & Hidayati, H. (2023). Faktor Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Personal Hygiene saat Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri di SMA NEGERI 7 Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2022. Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2(4), 572–581. https://doi.org/10.54259/sehatrakyat.v2i4.2000
Chigbu, U. E., Atiku, S. O., & Du Plessis, C. C. (2023). The Science of Literature Reviews: Searching, Identifying, Selecting, and Synthesising. Publications, 11(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications11010002
Damayanti, R., Junita, F., & Nisa, H. (2024). Hubungan Pengetahuan Kebersihan Alat Kelamin Bagian Luar Dengan Kejadian Flour Albus (Keputihan) Pada Remaja Kelas 12 SMA PGRI 1 Kota Bekasi Tahun 2023. Jurnal Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan, 14(2), 198–203. https://doi.org/10.52643/jbik.v14i2.3227
Freire, K., Pope, R., Jeffrey, K., Andrews, K., Nott, M., & Bowman, T. (2022). Engaging with Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Participatory Methods and Approaches in Research Informing the Development of Health Resources and Interventions. Adolescent Research Review, 7(3), 335–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00181-w
Gökşin, İ., & Demirhan, İ. (2024). The Effectiveness of Genital Hygiene Education Given to Secondary School Girls. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 18(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1381040
Ha, T., Givens, D., Shi, H., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, N., Shrestha, R., Frank, L., & Schensul, S. L. (2023). Assessing Barriers and Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Female Migrant Workers in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(14), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146368
Kamazima, S. R. (2023). Vaginal Douching: A Neglected Health Risk Behavior among Women and Sexually Active Adolescent Girls in Tanzania? EAS Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, 5(01), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpbs.2023.v05i01.001
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Paket Pelayanan Awal Minimum ( Ppam ) Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2017. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kumar Shah, S., Maharjan, P., Karki, K., Subedi, S., Shrestha, S., Laxmi Maharjan, P., Upadhayay, A., & Gurung, M. (2019). of Genital Health and Hygiene among Adolescent Girls of Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Nepal. American Journal of Public Health Research, 7(4), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajphr-7-4-4
Kuruc, H. S., & Avci, N. (2024). Evaluation of Genital Hygiene Behaviors of Female Secondary School Students: in Turkiye. Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/14399
Laksmi, M. H., Puspawati, N. M. D., Stephanie, A., & Hariwangsa, P. G. (2022). Personal hygiene genitalia wanita. Intisari Sains Medis, 13(3), 542–546. https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v13i3.1461
MacRae, E. R., Clasen, T., Dasmohapatra, M., & Caruso, B. A. (2019). ’It’s like a burden on the head’: Redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women’s varied life stages in Odisha, India. PLoS ONE, 14(8), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220114
Mawarti, I., Mulyani, S., Keperawatan, J., & Jambi, U. (2023). Pendidikan Kesehatan Dan Demonstrasi Personal Hygiene Genetalia. Jurnal Pengabdian, 1–9.
Meriam, A. S., & Sitompul, M. (2022). Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Vulva Hygiene Saat Menstruasi Di Sma Advent Tompaso. Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.55912/jks.v10i1.43
Mudey, A. B., Kesharwani, N., Mudey, G. A., & Goyal, R. C. (2010). A Cross-sectional Study on Awareness Regarding Safe and Hygienic Practices amongst School Going Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of Wardha District, India. Global Journal of Health Science, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v2n2p225
Mumtaz, D. F., Hardiyanti, T., & Wardin, I. (2023). Analisis Perilaku Remaja tentang Genital Hygiene Care. Jurnal Perawat Indonesia, 6(3), 1173–1186. https://doi.org/10.32584/jpi.v6i3.1847
Mumtaz, D. F., Hardiyanti, T., Wardin, I., Surabaya, U. M., Purwokerto, U. M., & Cirebon, U. M. (2022). Analisis Perilaku Remaja tentang Pendahuluan keseimbangan PH vagina ditandai dengan Personal hygiene atau kebersihan diri penggunaan celana dalam yang terlalu ketat berasal dari bahasa Yunani yakni praktik yang maupun perilaku personal hygiene buruk berko. 6(3), 1173–1186.
Ngissa, N. S., Sanga, E., Nsanya, M. K., Kweka, B., Malindisa, E., & Mwaipopo, R. (2024). Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education: revealing its relevance for risky sexual behaviors among secondary school students in Mwanza, Tanzania. Reproductive Health, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-024-01798-x
Noyes, N., Cho, K. C., Ravel, J., Forney, L. J., & Abdo, Z. (2018). Associations between sexual habits, menstrual hygiene practices, demographics and the vaginal microbiome as revealed by Bayesian network analysis. PLoS ONE, 13(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191625
Nuraini, N., Hasanah, N., & Habibah, H. (2024). The Relationship Behavior Of Treat The External Genital Organs With Incidence Of Vulvovaginitis During Menstruation In Adolescent Girls. Jurnal Midpro, 16(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.30736/md.v16i1.768
Sibua, N. F., Arman, & Nurul Ulfah Mutthalib. (2023). Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tindakan Personal Hygiene Organ Reproduksi Eksterna Remaja Putri di SMP Negeri 30 Makassar. Window of Public Health Journal, 4(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.33096/woph.v4i1.499
Sitkulanan, P., Chaisitsanguan, K., Winaiprasert, P., & Wong-Arsa, W. (2024). Problems of Myanmar Women of Reproductive Age in Accessing Health Services as Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Study. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 14(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v14i1.57287
Torondel, B., Sinha, S., Mohanty, J. R., Swain, T., Sahoo, P., Panda, B., Nayak, A., Bara, M., Bilung, B., Cumming, O., Panigrahi, P., & Das, P. (2018). Association between unhygienic menstrual management practices and prevalence. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 473. https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-018-3384-2
Ulya, A. Z., Sari, G. M., & Anis, W. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Motivasi terhadap Perilaku menjaga Higiene Vagina saat Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro, 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36656/jpk2r.v5i1.944
Umami, A., Paulik, E., Molnár, R., & Murti, B. (2022). The relationship between genital hygiene behaviors and genital infections among women: A systematic review. Jurnal Ners, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v17i1.34402
WHO. (2024). Understanding and addressing the specific health risks and needs adolescents face today is key to improving their future health, as well as for broader social and economic stability. https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/six-actions-to-improve-adolescent-health
Zeng, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Xue, Y., Xu, H., & An, R. (2018). Risk Factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Women of Reproductive Age in Xi’an: A Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9703754