The effectiveness of moringa leaves extract to prevent stunting at toddlers aged 23-59 months
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Mar 26, 2025
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Abstract
Background: Stunting remains a critical public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where inadequate nutrition affects child growth and development. One of the main factors causing stunting is chronic malnutrition in early life. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves are rich in essential nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and minerals, which are vital for growth. This study investigates the effectiveness of Moringa leaves extract in preventing stunting among toddlers aged 23–59 months. Method’s: This study involved 40 participants who were in kebomas sub-district, gresik district. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with an intervention group receiving Moringa leaves extract supplementation and a control group receiving standard nutrition. Anthropometric measurements, including height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ), were recorded at baseline and after a 6-month intervention period. The results indicate a significant improvement in HAZ scores in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, children who received Moringa supplementation showed better appetite, improved hemoglobin levels, and enhanced overall nutritional status. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Moringa leaves extract can be an effective, affordable, and sustainable strategy for preventing stunting in vulnerable populations. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and long-term effects. Integrating Moringa supplementation into nutrition programs could be a promising approach to combating childhood stunting and improving global child health outcomes.
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How to Cite
Budiono, N. D. P. and Has, D. F. S. (2025) “The effectiveness of moringa leaves extract to prevent stunting at toddlers aged 23-59 months”, Science Midwifery, 13(1), pp. 67-73. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1872.
References
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Choirina, A. D. (2021). Peningkatan Pengtahuan Murid SMA Terkait Kesehatan Reproduksi Untuk Mencegah Stunting Di Desa Mayangrejo, Kalitidu. Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services), 5(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v5i1.2021.233-240
Famakinwa, A. O., Oguntibeju, O. O., Jideani, V., Wyk, J. Van, & Obilana, A. O. (2024). Fortification of Foodstuffs (Food Material) with Moringa oleifera. B P International. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-969800-2-3
Gopalakrishnan, L., Doriya, K., & Kumar, D. S. (2016). Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Science and Human Wellness, 5(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001
Haq, I. U., Mehmood, Z., Afzal, T., Khan, N., Ahmed, B., Nawsherwan, Ali, L., Khan, A., Muhammad, J., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Zakki, S. A., Xu, J., & Shu, Y. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of stunting among preschool and school-going children in the flood-affected areas of Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira de Biologia, 82, e249971. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.249971
Has, D. F. S., & Ariestiningsih, E. S. (2020). Pemanfaatan “Bi Saylor” Sebagai Produk Pangan Alternatif untuk Pembangunan Gizi Berkelanjutan. Jurnal KARINOV. https://doi.org/10.17977/um045v3i1p44-48
Horn, L., Shakela, N., Mutorwa, M. K., Naomab, E., & Kwaambwa, H. M. (2022). Moringa oleifera as a sustainable climate-smart solution to nutrition, disease prevention, and water treatment challenges: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100397
Irwan, Z., Salim, A., & Adam, A. (2020). Pemberian cookies tepung daun dan biji kelor terhadap berat badan dan status gizi anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tampa Padang. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v5i1.198
Islam, Z., Islam, S. M. R., Hossen, F., Mahtab-ul-Islam, K., Hasan, M. R., & Karim, R. (2021). Moringa oleifera is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits. International Journal of Food Science, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627265
Kismul, H., Acharya, P., Mapatano, M. A., & Hatløy, A. (2017). Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4621-0
Koheil, M. A., Hussein, M. A., Othman, S. M., & El-Haddad, A. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Moringa peregrina Seeds. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 1(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.5530/ax.2011.2.10
Mishra, K., & Sinha, S. (2020). Development and assessment of Moringa oleifera (Sahajana) leaves filler/epoxy composites: Characterization, barrier properties and in situ determination of activation energy. Polymer Composites, 41(12), 5016–5029. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25771
Novelia, S., Rukmaini, & Purnama Sari, I. (2022). THE Analysis of Factors Associated with Anemia Among Adolescent Girls. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 2(3), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v2i3.142
Noviana, U., Ekawati, H., M. Hasinuddin, Haris, M., & Mufarika, M. (2024). Stunting prevention behavior among children under two years based on integrated behavior: A model development. Pediomaternal Nursing Journal, 10(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.20473/pmnj.v10i1.47366
Oksidriyani, S. (2023). Moringa Oleifera and Undernutrition: A Narrative Review. Jurnal EduHealth, 14(04), 2021–2024. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt/article/view/4258
Saini, R. K., Sivanesan, I., & Keum, Y.-S. (2016). Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3
Sakung, J. M., N., A., Suryantara, B., Adrianton, & Jamaluddin. (2024). The effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the nutritional status of children under five years. Food Research, 8(5), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(5).522
Semba, R. D., Shardell, M., Sakr Ashour, F. A., Moaddel, R., Trehan, I., Maleta, K. M., Ordiz, M. I., Kraemer, K., Khadeer, M. A., Ferrucci, L., & Manary, M. J. (2016). Child Stunting is Associated with Low Circulating Essential Amino Acids. EBioMedicine, 6, 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.030
Setiawan, M. I., Yulidasari, F., Rahayu, A., & Ferdina, A. R. (2023). Nutritional Intake Differences of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Coastal and Non-Coastal Stunting Areas. Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan, 9(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v9i1.16212
Sultana, S. (2020). Nutritional and functional properties of Moringa oleifera. Metabolism Open, 8, 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100061
SSGI. (2022). Survei Status Gizi Indonesia. Kemenkes. https://layanandata.kemkes.go.id/katalog-data/ssgi/ketersediaan-data/ssgi-2022
TB, R. (2018). Peningkatan Status Gizi Balita melalui pemberian Daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera). JURNAL KESEHATAN MADANI MEDIKA, 9(2), 87–91.
Thurber, M. D., & Fahey, J. W. (2009). Adoption of Moringa oleifera to Combat Under-Nutrition Viewed Through the Lens of the “Diffusion of Innovations” Theory. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 48(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670240902794598
Wali, N., Agho, K. E., & Renzaho, A. M. N. (2021). Wasting and associated factors among children under 5 years in five south asian countries (2014–2018): Analysis of demographic health surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094578
Weatherspoon, D. D., Miller, S., Ngabitsinze, J. C., Weatherspoon, L. J., & Oehmke, J. F. (2019). Stunting, food security, markets and food policy in Rwanda. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7208-0
WHO. (2020). Health of mothers, newborns, children and adolescents. WHO. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/nutrition/en/
Chabibah, nur. (2019). “KELOR” COOKING CLASS: MODIFIKASI EDUKASI DALAM UPAYA PENATALAKSANAAN STUNTING. LINK, 15(2), 17–23. http://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/link
Choirina, A. D. (2021). Peningkatan Pengtahuan Murid SMA Terkait Kesehatan Reproduksi Untuk Mencegah Stunting Di Desa Mayangrejo, Kalitidu. Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services), 5(1), 233. https://doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v5i1.2021.233-240
Famakinwa, A. O., Oguntibeju, O. O., Jideani, V., Wyk, J. Van, & Obilana, A. O. (2024). Fortification of Foodstuffs (Food Material) with Moringa oleifera. B P International. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-969800-2-3
Gopalakrishnan, L., Doriya, K., & Kumar, D. S. (2016). Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Science and Human Wellness, 5(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001
Haq, I. U., Mehmood, Z., Afzal, T., Khan, N., Ahmed, B., Nawsherwan, Ali, L., Khan, A., Muhammad, J., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Zakki, S. A., Xu, J., & Shu, Y. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of stunting among preschool and school-going children in the flood-affected areas of Pakistan. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira de Biologia, 82, e249971. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.249971
Has, D. F. S., & Ariestiningsih, E. S. (2020). Pemanfaatan “Bi Saylor” Sebagai Produk Pangan Alternatif untuk Pembangunan Gizi Berkelanjutan. Jurnal KARINOV. https://doi.org/10.17977/um045v3i1p44-48
Horn, L., Shakela, N., Mutorwa, M. K., Naomab, E., & Kwaambwa, H. M. (2022). Moringa oleifera as a sustainable climate-smart solution to nutrition, disease prevention, and water treatment challenges: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10, 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100397
Irwan, Z., Salim, A., & Adam, A. (2020). Pemberian cookies tepung daun dan biji kelor terhadap berat badan dan status gizi anak balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tampa Padang. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v5i1.198
Islam, Z., Islam, S. M. R., Hossen, F., Mahtab-ul-Islam, K., Hasan, M. R., & Karim, R. (2021). Moringa oleifera is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits. International Journal of Food Science, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627265
Kismul, H., Acharya, P., Mapatano, M. A., & Hatløy, A. (2017). Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013-14. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4621-0
Koheil, M. A., Hussein, M. A., Othman, S. M., & El-Haddad, A. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Moringa peregrina Seeds. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 1(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.5530/ax.2011.2.10
Mishra, K., & Sinha, S. (2020). Development and assessment of
Novelia, S., Rukmaini, & Purnama Sari, I. (2022). THE Analysis of Factors Associated with Anemia Among Adolescent Girls. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 2(3), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v2i3.142
Noviana, U., Ekawati, H., M. Hasinuddin, Haris, M., & Mufarika, M. (2024). Stunting prevention behavior among children under two years based on integrated behavior: A model development. Pediomaternal Nursing Journal, 10(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.20473/pmnj.v10i1.47366
Oksidriyani, S. (2023). Moringa Oleifera and Undernutrition: A Narrative Review. Jurnal EduHealth, 14(04), 2021–2024. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/healt/article/view/4258
Saini, R. K., Sivanesan, I., & Keum, Y.-S. (2016). Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3
Sakung, J. M., N., A., Suryantara, B., Adrianton, & Jamaluddin. (2024). The effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the nutritional status of children under five years. Food Research, 8(5), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(5).522
Semba, R. D., Shardell, M., Sakr Ashour, F. A., Moaddel, R., Trehan, I., Maleta, K. M., Ordiz, M. I., Kraemer, K., Khadeer, M. A., Ferrucci, L., & Manary, M. J. (2016). Child Stunting is Associated with Low Circulating Essential Amino Acids. EBioMedicine, 6, 246–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.030
Setiawan, M. I., Yulidasari, F., Rahayu, A., & Ferdina, A. R. (2023). Nutritional Intake Differences of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Coastal and Non-Coastal Stunting Areas. Jurnal Berkala Kesehatan, 9(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.20527/jbk.v9i1.16212
Sultana, S. (2020). Nutritional and functional properties of Moringa oleifera. Metabolism Open, 8, 100061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2020.100061
SSGI. (2022). Survei Status Gizi Indonesia. Kemenkes. https://layanandata.kemkes.go.id/katalog-data/ssgi/ketersediaan-data/ssgi-2022
TB, R. (2018). Peningkatan Status Gizi Balita melalui pemberian Daun kelor (Moringa Oleifera). JURNAL KESEHATAN MADANI MEDIKA, 9(2), 87–91.
Thurber, M. D., & Fahey, J. W. (2009). Adoption of Moringa oleifera to Combat Under-Nutrition Viewed Through the Lens of the “Diffusion of Innovations” Theory. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 48(3), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670240902794598
Wali, N., Agho, K. E., & Renzaho, A. M. N. (2021). Wasting and associated factors among children under 5 years in five south asian countries (2014–2018): Analysis of demographic health surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094578
Weatherspoon, D. D., Miller, S., Ngabitsinze, J. C., Weatherspoon, L. J., & Oehmke, J. F. (2019). Stunting, food security, markets and food policy in Rwanda. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7208-0
WHO. (2020). Health of mothers, newborns, children and adolescents. WHO. https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/nutrition/en/