Nostalgic card games as a dementia prevention therapy in the elderly
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Mar 25, 2025
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Abstract
PAKARNOS is a cognitive training effort to prevent dementia in the elderly by enhancing their memory through storytelling based on images. This nostalgia card game utilizes reminiscence therapy, encouraging elderly individuals to recall past events, relax their minds, and alter their response to dementia. Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decline in intellectual function, memory impairment, and cognitive deterioration, which can disrupt daily life and affect the elderly's bio-psycho-social-spiritual well-being. PAKARNOS involves showing old pictures to elderly participants, with a facilitator providing keywords to stimulate memory recall and storytelling. This method helps sharpen cognitive function and prevent dementia. This study used a case study method with nine elderly respondents at the Jolotundho guest house, Tresna Werdha Yogyakarta Social Service Center. The elderly actively engaged in the game, expressed happiness, and enthusiastically shared memories associated with the objects in the images. They recalled past experiences and demonstrated an improved ability to remember and describe objects, indicating enhanced cognitive function. The results suggest that PAKARNOS is an effective educational and recreational tool to improve memory, reduce dementia risk, and provide meaningful activities for the elderly.
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How to Cite
Cahyani, G. G. A., Kartinah, K. and Rohman, M. F. (2025) “Nostalgic card games as a dementia prevention therapy in the elderly”, Science Midwifery, 13(1), pp. 60-66. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i1.1874.
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Cohen, G. D., Firth, K. M., Biddle, S., Lloyd Lewis, M. J., & Simmens, S. (2009). The first therapeutic game specifically designed and evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 23(6), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317508323570
Damayanti, F. E., Izzah, U., & Rika, D. artini. (2023). Pengaruh Terapi Bermain Puzzle terhadap Lansia dengan Demensia. Nursing Information Journal, 2(2), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.54832/nij.v2i2.300
Dwi, A., Rahmah, N., & Isnaini, N. (2024). Bermain Kartu Remi Tepuk Nyamuk Berpengaruh Terhadap Fungsi Kognitif dan Kebahagiaan Pada Panti Lanjut Usia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 6(1), 1–13.
Huang, G., Wabe, N., Raban, M. Z., Silva, S. S. M., Seaman, K., Nguyen, A. D., Meulenbroeks, I., & Westbrook, J. I. (2024). The relationship between participation in leisure activities and incidence of falls in residential aged care. PLoS ONE, 19(4 April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302678
Indarwati, R., Pratiwi, I. N., & Yuniarsih, N. (2019). Playing cards using the “tepuk nyamuk” method improves cognitive function and social interaction in the elderly. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 10(8), 2575–2579. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02255.1
Kjelvik, G., Selbæk, G., & Rokstad, A. M. M. (2023). Knowledge and motivation to adopt recommended health behaviours to reduce dementia risk among the elderly in Norway: a qualitative study. Public Health, 221, 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.06.002
Li, Z. H., Chen, Q., Kraus, V. B., Shen, D., Zhang, X. R., Zhang, P. D., Zhong, W. F., Lv, Y. Bin, Huang, Q. M., Song, W. Q., Wang, D., Wu, X. B., Shi, X. M., & Mao, C. (2020). Leisure activities and disability in activities of daily living among the oldest-old Chinese population: Evidence from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study. Aging, 12(11), 10687–10703. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103287
Liu, N. Y. C. (2023). Using Games as an Effective Intervention for Supporting Families Living with Dementia. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology, 9(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.9.3365
Ma, T., Liao, J., Ye, Y., & Li, J. (2024). Social support and cognitive activity and their associations with incident cognitive impairment in cognitively normal older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-04655-5
Niotis, K., Akiyoshi, K., Carlton, C., & Isaacson, R. (2022). Dementia Prevention in Clinical Practice. Seminars in Neurology, 42(5), 525–548. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759580
Orizani, C. M. (2024). Optimalisasi Pencegahan Demensia Pada Lansia Dengan Permainan Kartu Nostalgia (Pakarno). Community Development In Health Journal, 2, 111–117.
Prawijaya, A., Arini, A., Yanti, D. Y., Safitri, R., Rahmi, S. A., & Rahman, S. (2024). Terapi Tawa Dan Terapi Tebak Gambar Untuk Lansia Demensia. Majalah Cendekia Mengabdi, 2(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.63004/mcm.v2i1.358
Rechika Amelia Eka Putri1, D. R. E. (2024). Implementasi Terapi Tebak Gambar Dengan Gangguan Sensori Penglihatan Pada Lansia Di Upt Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Jember: Studi Kasus. Medic Nutricia, 4(1), 1–6. Https://Doi.Org/10.5455/Mnj.V1i2.644xa
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Safitri, A. (2024). Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (Tak) Tebak Gambar Terhadap Perubahan Tingkat Proses Pikir Lansia Yang Menjalani Perawatan Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 2 Cengkareng Jakarta Barat Tahun 2024. Medic Nutricia, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5455/mnj.v1i2.644
Safitri, A., Susanti, E., Latifah, A., Aulia, A., Citra Adzani Putri, R., Rakha Riqy Putra Sulistyo, F., Disti Sagitri, S., Nurbaidilah, S., Yundari, S., Hapsah, S., Rahmawati, N., Pitriyah, W., Fauzia, V., Hayatun, S. N., Program Studi Profesi Ners, M., Yatsi Madani Alamat, U., Aria Santika No, J., & Bugel, A. (2023). Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Tebak Gambar Dan Senam Hipertensi Dalam Mengatasi Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif Pada Lansia Dengan Gangguan Sistem Kardiovaskuler : Hipertensi. Jurnal Mahasiswa Ilmu Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 1(3).
Safitri, A., Widiastuti, A., Kusuma Dewi, A., Permasi, I., Setyawati, D., Setiawati, A., Dermawan, T., Gumiati, Y., Eka Sania, C., & Yatsi Madani, U. (2024). Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Pada Lansia Dengan Media Tebak Gambar Untuk Mengatasi Penurunan Fungsi Kognitif Di Panti Wredha Kasih Ayah Bunda Kota Tangerang. Nusantara Hasana Journal, 3(8), 77–83.
Samsuni, S., Susanti, F., Ginting, A. G. N., Herlatini, A. D., Yuniarti, E., Febriana, W., & Polpa, E. (2024). Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (TAK) Pada Lansia Dengan Demensia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung. Jurnal Pelayanan Dan Pengabdian Kesehatan Untuk Masyarakat, 1(4), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.52643/jppkm.v1i4.3925
Wang, C. M., Tseng, S. M., & Huang, C. S. (2020). Design of an interactive nostalgic amusement device with user-friendly tangible interfaces for improving the health of older adults. Healthcare (Switzerland), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020179
Wang, J., Liu, N., & Zhao, X. (2022). Association of Playing Cards or Mahjong with Cognitive Function in Chinese Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159249
Yahya, Q. N. Q., Purwaningsih, P., & Makhfudli, M. (2019). Influence of Cognitive Stimulation Group Activity Memory Game Therapy on Elderly Cognitive Function: Quasi-Experimental. Jurnal Ners, 14(3 Special Issue), 242–246. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3(si).17111