Antibacterial activity of combined ethanol extracts of sappan wood (caesalpinia sappan l.) and mint leaves (mentha piperita l.) against escherichia coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v14i4.2464Keywords:
Antibacterial Activity, Escherichia Coli, Ethanol Extract, Mint Leaves, Sappan WoodAbstract
Escherichia coli is an important bacterial pathogen associated with various infections, and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need to investigate alternative antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and mint leaves (Mentha piperita L.), individually and in combination, against E. coli [insert the confirmed strain designation]. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity was assessed using broth dilution and disk diffusion methods, while the interaction between extracts was evaluated qualitatively using the paper strip method. Disk diffusion tests were performed in triplicate, and inhibition zone data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) could not be determined by visual observation because the extracts’ color and turbidity interfered with the assessment of bacterial growth. No alternative quantitative MIC determination was performed; therefore, the MIC values remain undetermined. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), determined by subculturing onto Endo Agar, was 12.5% for sappan wood extract and 25% for mint leaf extract. Among the tested combinations, the 2:1 ratio of sappan wood to mint leaf extract produced the largest inhibition zone (27.28 ± 0.33 mm; n = 3). One-way ANOVA indicated significant differences among treatment groups (p < 0.001). The paper strip test showed an inhibition pattern suggestive of a possible synergistic interaction; however, this finding was qualitative and was not confirmed using a combination index or fractional inhibitory concentration index. These findings indicate that the 2:1 combination exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity among the tested formulations under the experimental conditions, warranting further investigation using quantitative combination methods.
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