Factor analysis of the incidence of ARI in Toddlers during the Covid-19 Pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.727Keywords:
ARI, Toddlers, Covid-19 PandemicAbstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of death among children in developing countries. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a disease that affects one or more parts of the airway from the nose to the alveoli, including the appendages (sinus, middle ear cavity, pleura). The high incidence of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age is a serious problem that needs to be addressed immediately. The aim of this review study was to analyze the causes of acute respiratory infections in children under five years of age. This study is a systematic review using online databases namely Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. The keywords used were ARI, infant, and the Covid-19 pandemic. The selection process used the PRISMA protocol, resulting in 15 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The 15 articles included factors such as environmental influences, ventilation, physical environment, mothers' knowledge, population density, indoor air pollution, and children not receiving full immunization. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in several parts of Indonesia has the potential to hinder maternal and child access to health services ARI as the government implements policy-based movement restrictions. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred has been a reduction in public access to health facilities in Posyandu and Puskesmas, such as the implementation of primary immunizations, weighing and measuring the height of children under 5 years of age, which have not been controlled.
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References
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[20] Nasution, USA (2020). Aspects of Individual Toddlers with ARI Incidence in Cibabat Cimahi Village. Amerta Nutrition, 4(2), 103-108
[21] Indaryani, I., & Melati, P. (2018). Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Incidence of ARI in Infants and Toddlers at the Basuki Rahmad Health Center, Bengkulu City. Journal of Nursing Media Research, 1(1), 1-10.
[22] Maria, YSAIK, & Pede, K. (2015). Analysis Of Factors Related To The Frequency Of Ari On Children In The Sand Mining Settlement Environment. Journal Of Nursing, 8(3), 124-134.
[23] Dinanti, RR, Bunga, AL, & Luneto, S. (2015). factors analysis of causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children in toili ii puskesmas (doctoral dissertation, de la salle catholic university).
[24] Murti, T., Badar Kirwono, SKM, & Werdani, KE (2016). Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers in the Work Area of Sukoharjo Health Center (Doctoral dissertation, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
[25] Jangga, J. (2018). Analysis of Factors Associated with Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients at the Pangkep District General Hospital. Journal of Health Analyst Media, 9(2), 167-172.
[26] Marwati, NM, Sali, IW, Mahayana, IMB, & Aryasih, IGAM (2022). Analysis of risk factors for the incidence of acute respiratory infections in Abiansemal, Badung Regency in 2018. Abstract Medical Science, 13(1), 65-69.
[27] Noerlaeli, L., & IIP, S. (2016). The Relationship between the Physical Environment of the House and Occupancy Density on the Incidence of ARI in Toddlers in Cihampelas Village, Cihampelas District, West Bandung Regency
[28] Sunaryanti, SSH, Iswahyuni, S., & Herbasuki, H. (2019). The Relationship Between Ventilation and Occupancy Density with the Incidence of ARI in Toddlers in Cabean Kunti Village, Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency in 2018. Avicenna: Journal of Health Research, 2(2), 54-62.
[29] Akinyemi, JO, & Morakinyo, OM (2018). Household environment and symptoms of childhood acute respiratory tract infections in Nigeria, 2003–2013: a decade of progress and stagnation. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-12.
[30] Mulatya, DM, & Mutuku, FW (2020). Assessing comorbidity of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years: evidence from Kenya's demographic health survey 2014. Journal of primary care & community health, 11, 2150132720925190.
[31] Murarkar, S., Gothankar, J., Doke, P., Dhumale, G., Pore, PD, Lalwani, S., ... & Deshmukh, R. (2021). Prevalence of the acute respiratory infections and associated factors in the rural areas and urban slum areas of western Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study. Frontiers in public health, 9.
[32] Merera, A., Asena, T., & Senbeta, M. (2022). Bayesian multilevel analysis of determinants of acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five years in Ethiopia. BMC pediatrics, 22(1), 1-12.
[33] Ramani, VK, Pattankar, J., & Puttahonnappa, SK (2016). Acute respiratory infections among under-five age group children at urban slums of gulbarga city: A longitudinal study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 10(5), LC08.
[34] Larson, PS, Espira, L., Glenn, BE, Larson, MC, Crowe, CS, Jang, S., & O'Neill, MS (2022). Long Term PM2. 5 Exposure Is Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children under Five Years of Age in Kenya, 2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2525.
[35] Agho, KE, Akombi, BJ, Ferdous, AJ, Mbugua, I., & Kamara, JK (2019). Childhood undernutrition in three disadvantaged East African Districts: a multinomial analysis. BMC pediatrics, 19(1), 1-11.
[36] Rissman, L., Deavenport-Saman, A., Corden, MH, Zipkin, R., & Espinoza, J. (2021). A pilot project: handwashing educational intervention decreases incidence of respiratory and diarrheal illnesses in a rural Malawi orphanage. Global Health Promotion, 28(3), 14-22.
[37] Lutpiatina, L., Sulistyorini, L., Notobroto, HB, Raya, RP, Utama, RD, & Thuraidah, A. (2022). Multilevel Analysis of Lifestyle and Household Environment for Toddlers With Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Indonesia in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Global Pediatric Health, 9, 2333794X221078700.
[38] Halder, JN, & Islam, MN (2015). Water pollution and its impact on the human health. Journal of environment and human, 2(1), 36-46.
[39] Emiliana, P., Rahardjo, SA, Baba, YR, & Apollonia, M. (2021). The Relationship between Nutritional Status and ISPA Incidence in Toddlers. Java Health Journal, 8(1).
[40] Caniago, O., Utami, TA, & Surianto, F. (2022). factors that influence the event of ari in toddlers. JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science), 6(2), 175-184.
[41] Fibrila, F. (2015). The Relationship between Child Age, Gender and Child Birth Weight with the Incidence of ISPA, Metro Sai Wawai Health Journal. Journal, 8(2).
[42] Nasution, USA (2020). Aspects of Individual Toddlers with ARI Incidence in Cibabat Cimahi Village. Amerta Nutrition, 4(2), 103-108
[2] Wahl, B., O'Brien, KL, Greenbaum, A., Majumder, A., Liu, L., Chu, Y., ... & Knoll, MD (2018). Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000–15. The Lancet Global Health, 6(7), e744-e757.
[3] GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators. (2018). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1191.
[4] Windi, R., Efendi, F., Qona'ah, A., Adnani, QES, Ramadhan, K., & Almutairi, WM (2021). Determinants of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years in Indonesia. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 60, e54-e59.
[5] Fatmawati, S., Awal, M., & Rifai, M. (2021). Risks Affecting the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers. Scientific Journal of Health Sandi Husada, 10(2), 519-526.
[6] Fathmawati, F., Rauf, S., & Indraswari, BW (2021). Factors related with the incidence of acute respiratory infections in toddlers in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Evidence from the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System. PloS one, 16(9), e0257881.
[7] Oktaria, V., Danchin, M., Triasih, R., Soenarto, Y., Bines, JE, Ponsonby, AL, ... & Graham, SM (2021). The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and the association with vitamin D deficiency. PloS one, 16(3), e0248722.
[8] Susilarini, NK, Haryanto, E., Praptiningsih, CY, Mangiri, A., Kipuw, N., Tarya, I., ... & Setiawaty, V. (2018). Estimated incidence of influenzaâ€ÂÂassociated severe acute respiratory infections in Indonesia, 2013â€ÂÂ2016. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 12(1), 81-87.
[9] Iuliano, AD, Roguski, KM, Chang, HH, Muscatello, DJ, Palekar, R., Tempia, S., ... & Mustaquim, D. (2018). Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modeling study. The Lancet, 391(10127), 1285-1300.
[10] Christi, H., Pangestuti, DR, & Nugraheni, SA (2015). Factors related to the incidence of ARI in infants aged 6-12 months who have normal nutritional status (Study in the Work Area of Candilama Public Health Center, Semarang City). Journal of Public Health (Undip), 3(2), 107-117
[11] Fera, D., & Sriwahyuni, S. (2020). The relationship between home environmental conditions and the occurrence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in toddlers in Nagan Raya Regency. J-Kesmas: Journal of the Faculty of Public Health (The Indonesian Journal of Public Health), 7(1), 38-43.
[12] Goka, EA, Vallely, PJ, Mutton, KJ, & Klapper, PE (2014). Single and multiple respiratory virus infections and severity of respiratory disease: a systematic review. Pediatric respiratory reviews, 15(4), 363-370.
[13] Tazinya, AA, Halle-Ekane, GE, Mbuagbaw, LT, Abanda, M., Atashili, J., & Obama, MT (2018). Risk factors for acute respiratory infections in children under five years attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. BMC pulmonary medicine, 18(1), 1-8.
[14] Asriati, A., Zamrud, Z., & Kalenggo, DF (2015). Analysis of Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers. Medula: Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Halu Oleo University, 1(2), 153035.
[15] Amalia, I., Nuryani, DD, & Aryastuti, N. (2021). analysis of intrixic factors of risk of ari events in tolls in the work area of panjang puskesmas city, bandar lampung, 2019. Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical, 1(3), 365-385.
[16] Mayasari, E. (2017). Analysis of risk factors for the incidence of ARI in terms of the status of the house in the working area of the city health center in the northern region of Kediri City. Ikesma, 13(1).
[17] Yanti, DE, & Sari, N. (2018). Analysis of Factors Associated with the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Toddlers Age 1-5 Years in the Work Area of Sukaraja Nuban Health Center, East Lampung Regency. Journal of Public Health, 7(4).
[18] Aristatia, N., & Yulyani, V. (2021). Analysis of Factors Associated with the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Toddlers at the Panjang Health Center in Bandar Lampung City in 2021. Indonesian Journal of Health and Medical, 1(4), 508-535.
[19] Herawati, C., Indrini, P., & Kristanti, I. (2021). analysis of family behavioral factors toward the events of ari in toddlers. Journal of Health, 12(2), 85-90.
[20] Nasution, USA (2020). Aspects of Individual Toddlers with ARI Incidence in Cibabat Cimahi Village. Amerta Nutrition, 4(2), 103-108
[21] Indaryani, I., & Melati, P. (2018). Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Incidence of ARI in Infants and Toddlers at the Basuki Rahmad Health Center, Bengkulu City. Journal of Nursing Media Research, 1(1), 1-10.
[22] Maria, YSAIK, & Pede, K. (2015). Analysis Of Factors Related To The Frequency Of Ari On Children In The Sand Mining Settlement Environment. Journal Of Nursing, 8(3), 124-134.
[23] Dinanti, RR, Bunga, AL, & Luneto, S. (2015). factors analysis of causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children in toili ii puskesmas (doctoral dissertation, de la salle catholic university).
[24] Murti, T., Badar Kirwono, SKM, & Werdani, KE (2016). Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers in the Work Area of Sukoharjo Health Center (Doctoral dissertation, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
[25] Jangga, J. (2018). Analysis of Factors Associated with Occurrence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients at the Pangkep District General Hospital. Journal of Health Analyst Media, 9(2), 167-172.
[26] Marwati, NM, Sali, IW, Mahayana, IMB, & Aryasih, IGAM (2022). Analysis of risk factors for the incidence of acute respiratory infections in Abiansemal, Badung Regency in 2018. Abstract Medical Science, 13(1), 65-69.
[27] Noerlaeli, L., & IIP, S. (2016). The Relationship between the Physical Environment of the House and Occupancy Density on the Incidence of ARI in Toddlers in Cihampelas Village, Cihampelas District, West Bandung Regency
[28] Sunaryanti, SSH, Iswahyuni, S., & Herbasuki, H. (2019). The Relationship Between Ventilation and Occupancy Density with the Incidence of ARI in Toddlers in Cabean Kunti Village, Cepogo District, Boyolali Regency in 2018. Avicenna: Journal of Health Research, 2(2), 54-62.
[29] Akinyemi, JO, & Morakinyo, OM (2018). Household environment and symptoms of childhood acute respiratory tract infections in Nigeria, 2003–2013: a decade of progress and stagnation. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-12.
[30] Mulatya, DM, & Mutuku, FW (2020). Assessing comorbidity of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years: evidence from Kenya's demographic health survey 2014. Journal of primary care & community health, 11, 2150132720925190.
[31] Murarkar, S., Gothankar, J., Doke, P., Dhumale, G., Pore, PD, Lalwani, S., ... & Deshmukh, R. (2021). Prevalence of the acute respiratory infections and associated factors in the rural areas and urban slum areas of western Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study. Frontiers in public health, 9.
[32] Merera, A., Asena, T., & Senbeta, M. (2022). Bayesian multilevel analysis of determinants of acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five years in Ethiopia. BMC pediatrics, 22(1), 1-12.
[33] Ramani, VK, Pattankar, J., & Puttahonnappa, SK (2016). Acute respiratory infections among under-five age group children at urban slums of gulbarga city: A longitudinal study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR, 10(5), LC08.
[34] Larson, PS, Espira, L., Glenn, BE, Larson, MC, Crowe, CS, Jang, S., & O'Neill, MS (2022). Long Term PM2. 5 Exposure Is Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children under Five Years of Age in Kenya, 2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2525.
[35] Agho, KE, Akombi, BJ, Ferdous, AJ, Mbugua, I., & Kamara, JK (2019). Childhood undernutrition in three disadvantaged East African Districts: a multinomial analysis. BMC pediatrics, 19(1), 1-11.
[36] Rissman, L., Deavenport-Saman, A., Corden, MH, Zipkin, R., & Espinoza, J. (2021). A pilot project: handwashing educational intervention decreases incidence of respiratory and diarrheal illnesses in a rural Malawi orphanage. Global Health Promotion, 28(3), 14-22.
[37] Lutpiatina, L., Sulistyorini, L., Notobroto, HB, Raya, RP, Utama, RD, & Thuraidah, A. (2022). Multilevel Analysis of Lifestyle and Household Environment for Toddlers With Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Indonesia in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Global Pediatric Health, 9, 2333794X221078700.
[38] Halder, JN, & Islam, MN (2015). Water pollution and its impact on the human health. Journal of environment and human, 2(1), 36-46.
[39] Emiliana, P., Rahardjo, SA, Baba, YR, & Apollonia, M. (2021). The Relationship between Nutritional Status and ISPA Incidence in Toddlers. Java Health Journal, 8(1).
[40] Caniago, O., Utami, TA, & Surianto, F. (2022). factors that influence the event of ari in toddlers. JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science), 6(2), 175-184.
[41] Fibrila, F. (2015). The Relationship between Child Age, Gender and Child Birth Weight with the Incidence of ISPA, Metro Sai Wawai Health Journal. Journal, 8(2).
[42] Nasution, USA (2020). Aspects of Individual Toddlers with ARI Incidence in Cibabat Cimahi Village. Amerta Nutrition, 4(2), 103-108
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Published
2022-09-28
How to Cite
Kartinazahri (2022) “Factor analysis of the incidence of ARI in Toddlers during the Covid-19 Pandemic”, Science Midwifery, 10(4), pp. 2836–2842. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.727.
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