The Science Midwifery is a peer-reviewed open access bi-monthly Intitute of Computer Science (IOCS). This journal is published bi-monthly (August, October, December, February, April, June) since August 2022. This professional journal provides a venue for the publication of research relevant to midwifery and reproductive health practice by specialists and researchers in various disciplines including midwifery, reproductive health, maternal and child health, obstetrics and gynecology, sexual health promotion, women's health and nursing. It publishes quantitative and qualitative original articles, review articles, short communications, case reports and letters to the editor in a broad range of clinical and interdisciplinary topics. (Look at the scope)
The effectiveness of moringa oleifera and musa paradisiaca on hemoglobin levels in postpartum mothers
Postpartum anemia is a common maternal health problem that may delay recovery and increase the risk of postpartum complications. Although Moringa oleifera leaves and Musa paradisiaca have individually been reported to improve hemoglobin levels, direct comparative evidence between these locally available food sources remains limited. This study aimed to compare their effectiveness in increasing hemoglobin levels among postpartum mothers.A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group study was conducted. Postpartum mothers were allocated into three groups: Moringa oleifera, Musa paradisiaca, and a control group receiving standard postpartum care. Participants in the intervention groups consumed 200 g of the assigned food daily for seven days. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using a digital hemoglobin analyzer. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and the Games–Howell post hoc test (p < 0.05). Hemoglobin levels increased significantly in the Moringa oleifera group (9.94 ± 1.63 to 11.40 ± 1.15 g/dL; p = 0.001) and the Musa paradisiaca group (10.84 ± 1.52 to 12.10 ± 1.42 g/dL; p = 0.003), whereas the control group showed no significant improvement (p=0.116). ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in hemoglobin changes among groups (F = 6.938, p=0.003).This study provides novel evidence by directly comparing Moringa oleifera and Musa paradisiaca in postpartum mothers. Both interventions significantly improved hemoglobin levels compared with standard postpartum care, supporting their use as affordable and locally available complementary strategies for managing postpartum anemia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Viqy Lestaluhu, Meilany Laisouw, Siska Febrina Fauziah, Fadila Fadila, Juhartini Juhartini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship between animal protein intake and hemoglobin levels among medical students at Pasundan University
Background: Modern lifestyle changes characterized by high-fat dietary intake and reduced physical activity have increased the prevalence of obesity and lipid abnormalities among young adults. Visceral fat is considered metabolically active and has been associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. However, findings regarding the relationship between visceral fat and total cholesterol levels in young adult populations remain inconsistent. Previous studies have predominantly involved older or metabolically compromised populations and frequently relied on advanced imaging methods such as CT scan or MRI, while evidence among apparently healthy university students using practical field-based measurements remains limited. Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between visceral fat level and total blood cholesterol among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Pasundan University (2024/2025). Methods: This correlational analytical study employed a cross-sectional design involving 111 eligible medical students. Visceral fat level was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) with the Omron HBF-375 device, while total cholesterol level was assessed using a portable rapid cholesterol test device. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The results showed that most respondents had normal visceral fat levels (79.3%) and normal total cholesterol levels (67.6%). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated no statistically significant association between visceral fat level and total cholesterol (r = −0.060; p = 0.529). Conclusion: In conclusion, visceral fat accumulation was not significantly associated with total blood cholesterol levels among medical students. These findings suggest that cholesterol status in young adults may be influenced more by overall lifestyle and metabolic factors than by visceral fat accumulation alone. This study highlights the importance of early lifestyle-based prevention strategies to reduce future cardiometabolic risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andromeda Andromeda, Fitri Destianis Sudaryat, Alma Lucyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of nutritional status of children at state elementary School Kampung Rawa 02 Central Jakarta
Nutritional status is a crucial indicator influencing children's growth and development, health, and academic achievement. Nutritional issues in elementary school-aged children remain a public health issue, with both undernutrition and overnutrition and obesity contributing to growth disorders and the risk of future disease. To analyze the nutritional status of children at SDN Kampung Rawa 02, Central Jakarta, and the factors influencing it. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 148 students in grades 4–6. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Data were collected through questionnaires and BMI/Ag measurement using a microtoise and scales. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. The proportion of children with nutritional status showed undernutrition (7.4%), overnutrition (47.3%), and obesity (15.5%). The majority of respondents reported poor eating and drinking habits (56.1%), insufficient physical activity (66.2%), an unsupportive environment (55.4%), and insufficient family involvement (60.1%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between knowledge level (p=0.02), eating and drinking behavior (p=0.006), physical activity (p=0.01), environment (p=0.03), and family role (p=0.01) and children's nutritional status. The nutritional status of children at SDN Kampung Rawa 02, Central Jakarta, indicates nutritional problems, including undernutrition, overnutrition, and obesity. Factors such as knowledge level, eating and drinking behavior, physical activity, environment, and family role play a role in influencing children's nutritional status. Nutrition education and school and family support are needed to maintain children's nutritional status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jenny Anna Siauta, Gani Putri Aryanto, Rukmaini Rukmaini, Yenny Aulya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Clinical effectiveness of allopurinol–febuxostat versus allopurinol–colchicine combination therapy in patients with gout: A retrospective study at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Indonesia
<p __cpp="1" __cporiginalvalueofinnerhtml="Background: Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, which may lead to joint inflammation and decreased quality of life. Combination therapies, including allopurinol–febuxostat and allopurinol–colchicine, are commonly used to control serum uric acid levels and improve clinical outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of allopurinol–febuxostat and allopurinol–colchicine combination therapy in patients with gout. Methods: This retrospective observational study used medical records of patients diagnosed with gout or hyperuricemia at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital. A total of 79 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Patient characteristics, serum uric acid levels before and after therapy, and follow-up duration were collected and analyzed using comparative statistical tests. Results: The allopurinol–febuxostat group showed a reduction in serum uric acid levels from 7.98 ± 0.50 mg/dL to 5.01 ± 0.53 mg/dL, with a mean decrease of 2.90 ± 0.62 mg/dL. The allopurinol–colchicine group showed a reduction from 7.98 ± 0.56 mg/dL to 5.24 ± 0.65 mg/dL, with a mean decrease of 2.83 ± 0.58 mg/dL. A significant difference in treatment effectiveness was observed between the two groups (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Both combination therapies effectively reduced serum uric acid levels; however, the allopurinol–febuxostat combination demonstrated significantly better effectiveness than the allopurinol–colchicine combination.​">Background: Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, which may lead to joint inflammation and decreased quality of life. Combination therapies, including allopurinol–febuxostat and allopurinol–colchicine, are commonly used to control serum uric acid levels and improve clinical outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of allopurinol–febuxostat and allopurinol–colchicine combination therapy in patients with gout. Methods: This retrospective observational study used medical records of patients diagnosed with gout or hyperuricemia at Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital. A total of 79 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Patient characteristics, serum uric acid levels before and after therapy, and follow-up duration were collected and analyzed using comparative statistical tests. Results: The allopurinol–febuxostat group showed a reduction in serum uric acid levels from 7.98 ± 0.50 mg/dL to 5.01 ± 0.53 mg/dL, corresponding to a mean reduction of 2.90 ± 0.62 mg/dL. The allopurinol–colchicine group showed a reduction from 7.98 ± 0.56 mg/dL to 5.24 ± 0.65 mg/dL, with a mean reduction of 2.83 ± 0.58 mg/dL. The between-group mean difference in serum uric acid reduction was 0.07 mg/dL, with a statistically significant difference in treatment effectiveness (p = 0.004). The 95% confidence interval (95% CI: [lower limit] to [upper limit]) and effect size (Cohen's d = [value]) should be reported to indicate the precision and magnitude of the treatment effect. Conclusion: Both combination therapies effectively reduced serum uric acid levels; however, the allopurinol–febuxostat combination demonstrated significantly greater effectiveness than the allopurinol–colchicine combination. Reporting confidence intervals and effect size alongside statistical significance provides a more comprehensive interpretation of the treatment effect.
Copyright (c) 2026 Langgeng Inaya, Lucia Vita Inandha Dewi, Hidayah Apriliawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of a complete edentulous patient with mandibular prognathism: A case report
Background: Rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients with mandibular prognathism remains a clinical challenge because abnormal maxillomandibular relationships compromise denture retention, stability, occlusion, and function. Evidence describing prosthodontic management of this condition is still limited. Objective: To describe the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with mandibular prognathism using complete dentures with an edge-to-edge tooth arrangement. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male presented with complete edentulism for approximately ten years and complained of impaired mastication and speech. Clinical examination revealed a prognathic mandibular relationship with a 2-mm mandibular deviation to the right and severe alveolar ridge resorption. Treatment: The patient underwent conventional complete denture fabrication including preliminary and final impressions, jaw relation recording, semi-adjustable articulator mounting, and edge-to-edge anterior tooth arrangement to accommodate the skeletal discrepancy. Results: One month after denture insertion, clinical evaluation demonstrated satisfactory denture retention and stability without mucosal ulceration or occlusal interference. The patient reported improved chewing ability, speech, aesthetics, and overall satisfaction with the prosthesis. Clinical Significance: Edge-to-edge tooth arrangement can be considered a practical treatment option for complete denture rehabilitation in selected patients with mandibular prognathism, providing acceptable retention, stability, and functional outcomes despite unfavorable jaw relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Jaya Setiadi Tanumiharja, Marvin Jaya Setiadi Tanumiharja, Winny Suwindere, Imanuella Stevanie Jovanca Situmorang, Metta Sari Sutanto, Joni Putra Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Woolwich massage to stimulate breast milk production in postpartum mothers at Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital
Breast milk is a vital source of nutrition for infants, meeting all their essential needs. Insufficient breast milk intake increases an infant's susceptibility to illness. One method to enhance the smooth flow of breast milk production is the application of Woolwich massage for postpartum mothers. This study aimed to determine the effect of Woolwich massage on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers. A pre-experimental research method utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed; the sample consisted of 20 breastfeeding mothers (one month postpartum) at the Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital between July and August 2024. The results showed that the mean score for breast milk flow was 4.80 prior to the Woolwich massage and 13.40 following the massage. Statistical analysis using the paired t-test (p-value = 0.001, ρ < 0.05) revealed a significant difference in breast milk flow before and after the administration of Woolwich massage. These findings indicate that Woolwich massage has the potential to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aninditya Azis, Dwi Reza Wahyuni, Siska Nova Fitriani, Luluk Handayani, Nurul Arriza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Combination of slow deep breathing with rose aromatherapy and progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Manado City
Hypertension is one of the major health problems in Manado City, with an increasing prevalence and the potential to cause serious complications if left uncontrolled. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as the combination of slow deep breathing (SDB) with rose aromatherapy and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), may serve as alternative therapies to support blood pressure management by increasing parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of SDB combined with rose aromatherapy and PMR in reducing blood pressure among patients with hypertension. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 32 patients with hypertension were allocated into two intervention groups: the SDB combined with rose aromatherapy group and the PMR group. Both interventions were conducted for four weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were recorded before and after the interventions. The results showed that the SDB combined with rose aromatherapy group experienced a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg (p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure of 5.43 mmHg (p=0.001). Meanwhile, the PMR group demonstrated a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 13.4 mmHg (p=0.001) and diastolic blood pressure of 5.3 mmHg (p=0.001). The Independent Samples T-Test revealed significant differences in post-intervention blood pressure between the two groups for both systolic blood pressure (mean difference=-18.33; 95% CI: -19.18 to -0.85; p=0.015) and diastolic blood pressure (mean difference=-9.02; 95% CI: -9.57 to -0.55; p=0.014). Conclusion: Both SDB combined with rose aromatherapy and PMR significantly reduced blood pressure among patients with hypertension. Slow Deep Breathing (SDB) combined with rose aromatherapy showed greater reductions in post-intervention systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), supporting its potential role as a non-pharmacological approach for hypertension management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faradilla Miftah Suranata, Rahmat Hidayat Djalil, Nelfa Fitria Takahepis, Bunga Pakaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effect of giving papaya fruit on the sufficiency of breast milk in post-post mothers
Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in the Lubuk Buaya Community Health Center, Padang, remains low at 53.2%. While papaya is a known natural galactagogue, there is a research gap regarding its efficacy in urban West Sumatra settings. The novelty of this study lies in its specific geographic context and use of multidimensional infant clinical signs to evaluate breast milk sufficiency. This study aimed to analyze the effect of papaya consumption on breast milk sufficiency in postpartum mothers. Using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design, 16 postpartum mothers (aged 20–35 years, nursing infants 0–6 months) were selected via purposive sampling. They consumed 200g of ripe papaya three times daily for seven days. Sufficiency was evaluated using a structured observation sheet assessing indicators like urinary frequency, weight changes, and hydration. Analyzed via the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, inadequate sufficiency dropped from 56.2% to 0%. The average score increased from 3.44 to 4.69, reflecting a mean increase of 1.25 points (p=0.001, large effect size r=0.62). Academically, this enriches literature on community-level lactation management. Practically, it provides midwives an affordable, non-pharmacological alternative. For policy, these findings serve as actionable input to integrate local food interventions into maternal-neonatal nutritional guidelines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fenny Fernando, Melia Pebrina, Dewi Fransisca, Ramah Hayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Effectiveness of nutritional counseling and fe tablet supplementation on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the working area of the Hajimena Health Center, Lampung
Pregnancy-related anemia remains a significant public health problem in the working area of Puskesmas Hajimena, Natar Subdistrict, South Lampung, increasing the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Although iron (Fe) supplementation is routinely provided through antenatal care (ANC), anemia remains prevalent, suggesting that supplementation alone may be insufficient to address nutritional and behavioral factors affecting maternal hemoglobin (Hb) levels. This study addressed limited evidence regarding the integration of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based nutrition counseling with Fe supplementation in primary healthcare settings. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group involved 98 second-trimester pregnant women equally allocated into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received three HBM-based nutrition counseling sessions over eight weeks alongside Fe tablets, while the control group received Fe tablets alone. The intervention significantly increased Hb levels and reduced anemia prevalence. The novelty lies in integrating behavioral-based nutrition counseling into anemia prevention. Scientifically, the findings provide evidence that behavioral interventions can enhance Fe supplementation effectiveness. Practically and clinically, the intervention offers a feasible strategy for midwives to improve maternal knowledge, adherence, dietary practices, and anemia management within ANC services. From a policy perspective, the findings support integrating structured nutrition counseling into routine maternal health programs to strengthen anemia prevention and improve maternal health outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Wachiniah Mawadda, Harny Citra Purnama, Nurul Amalia, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Chyntia Haryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Sigmoid colon perforation complicating neonatal rectovestibular fistula: A case report
Anorectal malformation (ARM) with rectovestibular fistula may allow small amounts of meconium to pass despite ongoing distal bowel obstruction. We report a three-day-old term female neonate with an imperforate anus, progressive abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and minimal meconium passage through a rectovestibular fistula. Abdominal radiography showed marked bowel dilatation and pneumoperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy revealed sigmoid colon perforation with diffuse fecal peritonitis. The perforation was repaired, followed by a double-barrel sigmoid colostomy. The infant recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day eight. At three-month follow-up, the wound was completely healed and the colostomy remained healthy and functional. This case illustrates a rare but serious complication of rectovestibular fistula, in which limited meconium passage may coexist with significant bowel obstruction and subsequent perforation. These findings emphasize that thorough perineal inspection, high vigilance for obstruction despite minor meconium passage, and timely surgical intervention are essential to prevent bowel perforation in neonates with anorectal malformations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Partogi Napitupulu, Nadifa Agil, Revalita Wahab, Nathalia Ningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relationship between visceral fat level and total blood cholesterol among medical students at Pasundan University 2024/2025
Muhammad Shibghotullah Mujadidi Romdhoni
Copyright (c) 2026 Lenny Oktorina, Muhammad Shibghotullah Mujadidi Romdhoni, Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Nutrition care in pediatric patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia and suspected type 1 diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence among children. Type 1 DM, the most common form in pediatrics, results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute complication that may cause acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte imbalance, and respiratory distress. This case study applied the Standardized Nutrition Care Process (SNCP), including nutritional assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring, and evaluation, in a 1-year-3-month-old girl diagnosed with severe DKA, suspected type 1 DM, severe dehydration, community-acquired pneumonia, anemia, hypokalemia, azotemia, KDIGO stage II AKI, and marasmus-type malnutrition. Nutritional assessment showed severe malnutrition (weight-for-length Z-score < −3 SD) with clinical signs of iga gambang. Nutrition diagnoses included altered nutrition-related laboratory values associated with endocrine dysfunction, evidenced by HbA1c 11.1%, random blood glucose >200 mg/dL, urea 123 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, hemoglobin 10.1 g/dL, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 48%, as well as disease-related pediatric malnutrition characterized by low weight-for-length, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) 83.3%, inadequate intake (<50% of requirements), and clinical malnutrition signs. Nutritional intervention consisted of a 1,100-kcal diabetic diet with enteral formula via nasogastric tube and chopped porridge orally. The patient's nutritional intake gradually improved to an adequate level during hospitalization, although significant changes in nutritional status were not observed because of the short intervention period. Nutrition education was provided to the family to support long-term management. This case highlights the importance of individualized, gradual, and closely monitored nutritional therapy as part of multidisciplinary care to optimize recovery and prevent further complications in pediatric patients with type 1 DM and severe DKA.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Dwi Suzanti, Sukmawati Sukmawati, Suriani Rauf, Musyawarah Thahir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Identifying anemia determinant factors in adolescent girls to improve productivity: A systematic review
Anemia has a negative impact on the productivity of adolescent girls. However, adolescents' understanding of risk factors for anemia is still limited. Therefore, a literature study was conducted to provide knowledge about the determinant factors of anemia for adolescent. The purpose of this literature review is to identify determinant factors for the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. This study was systematically compiled based on a literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Data was collected from Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases from May to June 2024. Articles are disaggregated based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The criteria for journal inclusion are articles published in the 2019-2024 range, Indonesian and English language journals. The criteria for journal exclusion are incomplete journals. Two reviewers independently assessed the feasibility of the article using the Newcastle Ottawa scale guidelines. A total of 20 articles were considered feasible. Factors related to the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls include dietary patterns, body image, physical activity, nutritional status, iron consumption, disease history, menstruation, and adolescent girls' knowledge. The results of this study have implications for adolescents' understanding of preventable anemia risk factors. In addition, this research contributes to the improvement of adolescent productivity through an understanding of the determinants of anemia in adolescents. Therefore, it is recommended to further research is expected to evaluate effective models of anemia prevention for adolescents to increase adolescent productivity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Putu Wahyu Laksmi Natha Devi, Luh Seri Ani, Komang Ayu Kartikasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Factors associated with the intention of students at universitas muhammadiyah surakarta to quit smoking
Smoking remains a major public health concern among university students and may lead to various adverse health consequences. Although previous studies have examined smoking cessation intention, limited evidence exists regarding the combined role of the Theory of Planned Behavior, smoking cessation knowledge, and peer support among Indonesian university students. Understanding factors associated with students’ intention to quit smoking is essential for developing effective smoking cessation interventions. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the intention to quit smoking among students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from January to March 2025 involving 166 active student smokers selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests to examine associations between categorical variables, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that attitude (p < 0.001), knowledge regarding smoking cessation methods (p = 0.001), and peer support (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with smoking cessation intention. Students with positive attitudes, good knowledge, and higher peer support were more likely to intend to quit smoking. In contrast, subjective norms (p = 0.284) and perceived behavioral control (p = 0.107) were not significantly associated with the intention to quit smoking. These findings extend the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior and support universities in strengthening smoking cessation education, peer-based interventions, counseling services, and smoke-free campus policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Desfita Agusetiyani, Tanjung Anitasari Indah Kusumaningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effect of classical instrumental music (Kenny G–Style) on reducing anxiety in pregnant women during labor: A literature review
Maternal anxiety during labor remains a significant psychological condition that may adversely affect labor progression, pain perception, and overall childbirth outcomes. Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly music therapy, have been increasingly recognized as complementary strategies to improve maternal psychological well-being. This literature review aims to examine the effectiveness of classical and instrumental music, including the style of Kenny G, in reducing anxiety among pregnant women during labor. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 in databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used included “music therapy,” “labor anxiety,” “pregnancy,” “childbirth,” and “relaxation music.” The findings indicate that exposure to calming instrumental music is associated with reduced anxiety levels, decreased physiological stress markers (such as heart rate and cortisol), and improved maternal relaxation during labor. The slow tempo and smooth melodic structure characteristic of instrumental jazz and contemporary classical music, including Kenny G’s compositions, are associated with activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and emotional stability. Overall, music therapy is a safe, low-cost, and non-invasive intervention that can be integrated into midwifery care to enhance maternal comfort during childbirth.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rut Yohana Girsang, Dilma’aarij Agustia, Novitri Adelina Sipayung, Dinda Dian Meidita, Ria Fazelita Gultom https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Molecular and transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-10 gene: Implications of the -1082 G/A promoter polymorphism on the immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis
Background: Host immune responses critically determine tuberculosis outcomes. Although the interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082 G/A promoter polymorphism alters IL-10 expression and pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility, global studies report conflicting findings that lack a comprehensive molecular synthesis. Objective: This review critically evaluates IL-10 molecular regulation and the immunological and clinical implications of the -1082 G/A polymorphism in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A narrative literature review utilized PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2008–2026). Employing a structured literature selection flowchart and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools for quality assessment, 55 high-quality articles were ultimately selected and synthesized narratively. Results: The G allele exhibits greater affinity for the Sp1 transcription factor, increasing IL-10 expression. This hyper-secretion suppresses macrophage activation and Th1-mediated immunity via the JAK/STAT pathway. Crucially, susceptibility differences among populations are heavily influenced by linkage disequilibrium, ethnic genetic diversity, epigenetic regulation, and gene–environment interactions. Conclusion: This review provides an integrated perspective linking the IL-10 promoter polymorphism with immune regulation, highlighting its potential as a predictive biomarker for precision medicine and risk stratification in vulnerable demographics. Large-scale, multi-ethnic longitudinal studies integrating genetic and epigenetic analyses are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rieke Dwi Ramadhany, Desi Oktariana, Kemas Yakub Rahadiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anti-inflammatory activity test of matoa fruit peel ethanol extract (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) on carrageenan edema model of white rats
Background: Inflammation is a protective biological response to tissue injury or infection; however, excessive inflammation may lead to tissue damage and chronic disease. Matoa fruit peel (Pometia pinnata J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) contains bioactive compounds, including Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolics, which are known to have anti-inflammatory properties, are present in the plant. Objective: This study sought to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the ethanol extract derived from the matoa fruit peel through the utilization of a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in male white rats. Methods: In an experiment, we used male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) and split them into five groups. We had a negative control, a positive control, and three treatment groups. The treatment groups got ethanol extract at different doses—100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of body weight. To get the inflammation going, we gave them a 1% carrageenan injection under their skin. Paw edema volume was measured periodically using a plethysmometer to determine the anti-inflammatory effect. Results: The initial volume of edema of the whole group was homogeneous (0.06 ± 0.00–0.01 mL). Ethanol extract of matoa fruit peel at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kgBB showed anti-inflammatory activity by gradually reducing edema until the 6th hour. The dose of 100 mg/kgBB provided the highest edema inhibition effect (42.06 ± 8.36%), followed by the 300 mg/kgBB dose (41.27 ± 13.75%) and 200 mg/kgBB (31.75 ± 2.75%), while positive control showed the largest inhibition (61.11 ± 9.62%). Statistical analysis showed that all treatment groups differed significantly from negative controls (p < 0.05), but still had lower effectiveness than positive controls.Conclusion:Ethanol extract of matoa fruit peel demonstrates promising anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced male white rats and may serve as a potential natural source for anti-inflammatory drug development. Further studies are needed to identify the active compounds, clarify the molecular mechanisms, and evaluate the extract's safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irene Eunike Tanod, A. M. Muslihin, Lukman Hardia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of the resilience scale for nurses questionnaire
Resilience is an important psychological resource that helps nurses respond to workplace stress while maintaining professional functioning and quality of care. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the Resilience Scale for Nurses (RSN) into Indonesian and examine preliminary psychometric evidence in critical-care nurses. The adaptation followed Beaton et al. (2000) and included forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert-panel review, and pilot testing with 100 nurses working in critical-care settings. Content validity was evaluated using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA), and Aiken's V. Item performance was examined using corrected item-total correlations, and internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. Six experts produced I-CVI values of 0.833-1.000, S-CVI/Ave of 0.974, S-CVI/UA of 0.842, and Aiken's V values of 0.750-0.958. In the pilot sample, corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.482 to 0.866, while Cronbach's alpha was 0.933 for the total scale and 0.776-0.868 across dimensions. These findings provide preliminary evidence of content adequacy, item performance, and internal consistency for the Indonesian RSN. Because exploratory/confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, McDonald's omega, and measurement invariance were not assessed, the four-factor structure and broader construct validity should be confirmed in larger and more diverse Indonesian nursing samples.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shallomita Yohana, Yanny Triayani, Ayu Prawesti Priambodo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The relationship between age and gender with the severity of copd at Bandung Lung Hospital from 2020 to 2024
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-term respiratory condition marked by a gradual decline in airflow that cannot be fully reversed, caused by abnormalities in the airways and lung structures such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It remains one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. Age and gender are suspected to influence COPD severity, though previous findings have been inconsistent. Methods: This study applied an analytical quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the medical records of COPD patients at Dr. H. A. Rotinsulu Pulmonary Hospital, Bandung, from 2020 to 2024. A total of 135 patients meeting inclusion criteria were selected through consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate tests, with Spearman Rank for age and Chi-Square for gender. Results: Most respondents were male (74.8%) and over 60 years old, with the majority having very severe COPD (45.9%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between age (p = 0.956) or gender (p = 0.359) and the severity of COPD (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant association between age and gender with COPD severity. Behavioral and environmental factors, such as smoking habits and pollutant exposure, may play a greater role in disease progression.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chashifa Ash Shobrina Adil, Sitti Nurun Nikmah, Lenny Oktorina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Youth education through focus group discussions: An effective strategy for preventing early marriage and child violence
Early marriage remains a problem that impacts health, psychological, social, and economic aspects, and increases the risk of violence against children. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of educational media through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method in increasing adolescents' knowledge about the dangers of early marriage and the risks of violence against children. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted in February 2026 at SMPN 2 Cikarang Utara, Wanajaya Village, Bekasi Regency, involving 30 adolescents as a sample. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to compare the level of knowledge before and after the intervention. The research results show that the focus group discussion (FGD) method is effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge about the impacts of early marriage and the risks of violence against children. The FGD method enables adolescents to better understand the dangers of early marriage, recognize the risks of violence against children, and be better prepared to apply this information in their daily lives. The findings of this study indicate that adolescent education through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) is effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding the dangers of early marriage and the risks of violence against children. Therefore, the FGD method can be implemented as an effective educational strategy in schools and communities to support efforts to prevent early marriage and protect children on an ongoing basis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yulianti Yulianti, Ida Widaningsih, Hajar Nur Fathur Rohmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Determinants of early marriage incidence in adolescents in Rural West Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara
Early marriage remains a major public health problem in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), particularly in rural areas where local cultural practices have received limited quantitative investigation despite their potential influence on marriage decisions. This study aimed to identify the determinants of early marriage among adolescents in rural West Kupang District. This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design involving 98 adolescents aged 15–19 years from two villages (Oenaek and Sumlili) selected using the Slovin formula. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) analyses. The prevalence of early marriage was 27.6%. Bivariate analysis identified six factors significantly associated with early marriage (p < 0.05), while multivariate analysis showed that local cultural/customary perceptions (AOR = 6.1; 95% CI: 1.9–19.6; p = 0.002), poor reproductive health knowledge (AOR = 3.2; p = 0.036), and poor family economic status (AOR = 2.9; p = 0.049) were the dominant determinants. The novelty of this study lies in quantitatively examining the role of local cultural perceptions, including the belis tradition, together with socioeconomic and behavioral factors in a rural NTT setting. These findings provide evidence to support culturally sensitive policies, strengthen adolescent reproductive health education, and guide community-based interventions to prevent early marriage in rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suci Aspriyanti Anwar, Mega Putri Amalanda Amalanda, Rani Kusumawardani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Chyntia Haryana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0