Comparison of the effectiveness of the irrigation material ethyl diamine tetra-acetic acid (edta) 17% and benzalconium chloride 1% on the smear layer in the 1/3 apical
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Mar 15, 2024
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Abstract
Context: A smear layer can form on the root canal walls during mechanical root canal preparation. Bacteria that cause root canal infections can grow on the smear layer, which can also lead to micro-leakage in the top one-third of the root canal. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a necessary and effective substance for root canal irrigation. In addition to being a cationic nitrogen agent having a quaternary ammonium group, BAC is a combination of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, which has broad spectrum antibacterial activity. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of 1% BAK and 17% EDTA on the smear layer of the apical 1/3 and to measure the degree of cleanliness that BAK produced compared to 17% EDTA. The research was conducted utilising a scanning electron microscope (SEM) approach in a laboratory setting. Findings: SEM analysis of the sample smear layer yielded BAK 1% 0.667 and EDTA 17% 1.667 according to the Garberoglio and Becce scoring system. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of the data showed that the 17% EDTA group had an average range of 11.50, the 1% BAK group of 5.58, the 2.5% NaOCl group of 11.92, and the negative control group of 21.00. In conclusion, when comparing the groups with and without the negative control, the 17% EDTA group had a p value of 0.0069, the 1% BAK group a p value of 0.0019, and the 2.5% NaOCl group a p value of 0.0013, all determined by Mann-Whitney data analysis. Thus, it is evident that BAK 1% is more efficient than EDTA 17% in affecting the smear layer at the apical 1/3.
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How to Cite
Putra Angkasa, J., Djuanda, R. and Tarigan, G. (2024) “Comparison of the effectiveness of the irrigation material ethyl diamine tetra-acetic acid (edta) 17% and benzalconium chloride 1% on the smear layer in the 1/3 apical”, Science Midwifery, 12(1), pp. 107-115. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v12i1.1440.
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Bariah, B., & Suwelo, I. S. (2003). PERAWATAN PULPOTOMI MORTAL SATU KALI KUNJUNGAN PADA MOLAR SULUNG NON VITAL (Laporan Kasus). Journal of Dentistry Indonesia, 10(3), 699–704. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/297925902.pdf
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Mohammed, A., & Abdullah, A. (2018). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): A review. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics—HERVEX, Băile Govora, Romania, 2018, 7–9. https://fluidas.ro/hervex/proceedings2018/77-85.pdf
Murray, P. (2015). A Concise Guide to Endodontic Procedures. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43730-8
Nevi Yanti, D., & Prasetia, W. (2017). The ability of root canal irrigant with ethanol extract of Lerak fruit (Sapindus Rarak Dc) in removing root canal smear layer (a sem study). IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 16, 24–30. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a0f08c2bbb431c2314f83fcd8c8e6ee60d85d5fd
Nurliza, C., & Abidin, T. (2014). Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Preparasi Saluran Akar Secara Khemomekanis. Dentika Dental Journal, 18(2), 177–184. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/dentika/article/download/2027/1459
Plotino, G., Cortese, T., Grande, N. M., Leonardi, D. P., Di Giorgio, G., Testarelli, L., & Gambarini, G. (2016). New Technologies to Improve Root Canal Disinfection. Brazilian Dental Journal, 27, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600726
Prada, I., Micó-Muñoz, P., Giner-Lluesma, T., Micó-Martínez, P., Muwaquet-Rodríguez, S., & Albero-Monteagudo, A. (2019). Update of the therapeutic planning of irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal treatment. A literature review. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 11(2), e185. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383907/
Rasmussen, C. A., Kaufman, P. L., & Kiland, J. A. (2014). Benzalkonium Chloride and Glaucoma. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 30(2–3), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2013.0174
Septiano, A. F., Sutanto, H., & Susilo. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of resin lead acetate composites and ability test of X-ray protection. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1918(2), 022003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/2/022003
Setyaningsih, N. E., & Septiano, A. F. (2019). Optimasi kualitas citra scanning electron microscopy (sem) dengan metode contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Prosiding Seminar Nasional IV Hasil Penelitian Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan Indonesia, IV-ISSN, 2548–1924.
Takahashi, H. A., & Minami, M. (2022). Assessment of the influence of benzalkonium chloride addition on radiocarbon analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 20(10), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10508
Ariani, N. G. A., & Hadriyanto, W. (2013). Perawatan Ulang Saluran Akar Insisivus Lateralis Kiri Maksila dengan Medikamen Kalsium Hidroksida-Chlorhexidine. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia, 20(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8342
Arias-Moliz, M. T., Ruiz-Linares, M., Cassar, G., Ferrer-Luque, C. M., Baca, P., Ordinola-Zapata, R., & Camilleri, J. (2015). The effect of benzalkonium chloride additions to AH Plus sealer. Antimicrobial, physical and chemical properties. Journal of Dentistry, 43(7), 846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.003
Bariah, B., & Suwelo, I. S. (2003). PERAWATAN PULPOTOMI MORTAL SATU KALI KUNJUNGAN PADA MOLAR SULUNG NON VITAL (Laporan Kasus). Journal of Dentistry Indonesia, 10(3), 699–704. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/297925902.pdf
Blaurock-Busch, E. K. (2016). EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid–A review. Occup. Med. Health Aff, 4(2). https://microtraceminerals.com/fileadmin/uploads/pdf/en/EDTA_OccupHealth16.pdf
Deutschle, T., Porkert, U., Reiter, R., Keck, T., & Riechelmann, H. (2006). In vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of benzalkonium chloride. Toxicology in Vitro, 20(8), 1472–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.006
Deviyanti, S. (2018). POTENSI LARUTAN CHITOSAN 0,2% SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN IRIGASI DALAM PERAWATAN SALURAN AKAR GIGI. Jurnal Ilmiah Dan Teknologi Kedokteran Gigi, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.32509/jitekgi.v14i1.642
Haapasalo, M., Shen, Y., Qian, W., & Gao, Y. (2010). Irrigation in Endodontics. Dental Clinics, 54(2), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2009.12.001
Jagzap, J. B., Patil, S. S., Gade, V. J., Chandhok, D. J., Upagade, M. A., & Thakur, D. A. (2017). Effectiveness of Three Different Irrigants - 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, Q-MIX, and Phytic Acid in Smear Layer Removal: A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscope Study. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 8(3), 459–463. https://doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_524_17
Jiao, Y., Niu, L., Ma, S., Li, J., Tay, F. R., & Chen, J. (2017). Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Progress in Polymer Science, 71, 53–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.001
John, L. C. (2019). CRUCIAL RADIOGRAPHIC APPRAISAL OF ROOTS-A KEY TO ENDODONTIC SUCCESS. JIDAk, 1(2), 44–50. http://www.jidakochi.org/co_editor/upload/1602778437JIDA%20Kochi%202019%20Vol%201%20Iss%202%20Pages%2044-50.pdf
Johnson, N. F. (2018). Pulmonary Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 31(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2017.1390
Kwon, D., Lim, Y.-M., Kwon, J.-T., Shim, I., Kim, E., Lee, D.-H., Yoon, B.-I., Kim, P., & Kim, H.-M. (2019). Evaluation of pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixtures using in vitro and in vivo systems. Environmental Toxicology, 34(5), 561–572. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22722
Merchel Piovesan Pereira, B., & Tagkopoulos, I. (2019). Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 85(13), e00377-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00377-19
Mohammadi, Z., Shalavi, S., & Jafarzadeh, H. (2013). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in endodontics. European Journal of Dentistry, 07(S 1), S135–S142. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.119091
Mohammed, A., & Abdullah, A. (2018). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): A review. Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Hydraulics and Pneumatics—HERVEX, Băile Govora, Romania, 2018, 7–9. https://fluidas.ro/hervex/proceedings2018/77-85.pdf
Murray, P. (2015). A Concise Guide to Endodontic Procedures. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43730-8
Nevi Yanti, D., & Prasetia, W. (2017). The ability of root canal irrigant with ethanol extract of Lerak fruit (Sapindus Rarak Dc) in removing root canal smear layer (a sem study). IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 16, 24–30. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a0f08c2bbb431c2314f83fcd8c8e6ee60d85d5fd
Nurliza, C., & Abidin, T. (2014). Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Preparasi Saluran Akar Secara Khemomekanis. Dentika Dental Journal, 18(2), 177–184. https://talenta.usu.ac.id/dentika/article/download/2027/1459
Plotino, G., Cortese, T., Grande, N. M., Leonardi, D. P., Di Giorgio, G., Testarelli, L., & Gambarini, G. (2016). New Technologies to Improve Root Canal Disinfection. Brazilian Dental Journal, 27, 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600726
Prada, I., Micó-Muñoz, P., Giner-Lluesma, T., Micó-Martínez, P., Muwaquet-Rodríguez, S., & Albero-Monteagudo, A. (2019). Update of the therapeutic planning of irrigation and intracanal medication in root canal treatment. A literature review. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 11(2), e185. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383907/
Rasmussen, C. A., Kaufman, P. L., & Kiland, J. A. (2014). Benzalkonium Chloride and Glaucoma. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 30(2–3), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2013.0174
Septiano, A. F., Sutanto, H., & Susilo. (2021). Synthesis and characterization of resin lead acetate composites and ability test of X-ray protection. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1918(2), 022003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/2/022003
Setyaningsih, N. E., & Septiano, A. F. (2019). Optimasi kualitas citra scanning electron microscopy (sem) dengan metode contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Prosiding Seminar Nasional IV Hasil Penelitian Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan Indonesia, IV-ISSN, 2548–1924.
Takahashi, H. A., & Minami, M. (2022). Assessment of the influence of benzalkonium chloride addition on radiocarbon analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 20(10), 605–617. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10508