Post-cardiac ring insertion impact on oral and periodontal health: Review
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Jun 30, 2025
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Abstract
Coronary stent insertion is a medical procedure that aims to enhance coronary heart disease patients' cardiac blood flow. However, some studies suggest that this procedure can affect the health of the oral cavity's soft tissues and periodontals. Side effects can be caused by physiological changes after medical procedures as well as the consumption of medications such as antiplatelets and anticoagulants prescribed after the insertion of the ring. The purpose of this study is to investigate how heart ring insertion affects the condition of the oral cavity's soft tissues and periodontal by analyzing the available research results. The method used in this study was a literature review from various sources that discussed changes in the state of the mouth following the placement of a heart ring. The results showed that patients after heart band insertion were more prone to disorders such as xerostomia (dry mouth), recurrent canker sores, oral candidiasis, as well as a higher chance of developing periodontal disorders, including gingivitis and periodontitis. The main factors that contribute to this condition are the side effects of medications taken regularly, changes in the body's immune response, as well as the connection between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease that deteriorates the patient's general health. The conclusions of this review emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach between cardiologists and dentists in monitoring the oral health of patients undergoing heart ring placement. Prevention and education about oral and dental health care need to be provided to minimize the risk of further complications.
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How to Cite
Hari, F. D. K. and Indrawati, D. W. (2025) “Post-cardiac ring insertion impact on oral and periodontal health: Review”, Science Midwifery, 13(2), pp. 661-674. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1978.
References
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Ambarawati, I. G. A. D., Purbasari, I. G. A. K. I., Kristanto, R., Manuaba, I. B. P. P., & Dewi, I. G. A. P. (2024). Distribution of demographic characteristics and predisposing disease in oral candidiasis patients at prof. ngoerah hospital denpasar in 2022-2023. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(3), 2349-2355. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0674
Augustina, E. F., Setyawati, E. M., & Aghasy, A. Z. Z. (2021). Webinar dan workshop kesehatan periodontal secara digital di era pandemi covid-19 di sidoarjo. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(2), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.54082/jamsi.93
Baru, O., Buduru, S. D., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Leucuta, D. C., Roman, A. R., Tălmăceanu, D., Silvasan, H., & Badea, M. E. (2024). Autologous leucocyte and platelet rich in fibrin (L-PRF) – is it a competitive solution for bone augmentation in maxillary sinus lift? A 6-month radiological comparison between xenografts and L-PRF. Medical Papers and Research. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2719
Basirat, M., Mirrazeghi, S. F., Soleimani, F., & Karimi, F. N. (2023). Risk factors and serum parameters associated with xerostomia in cardiac patients – a case-control study. Polish Annals of Medicine, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/175108
Binner, C., Wagner, J., Schmalz, G., Eisner, M., Rast, J., Kottmann, T., Haak, R., Oberbach, A., Borger, M. A., Garbade, J., & Ziebolz, D. (2019). Insufficient oral behaviour and the high need for periodontal treatment in patients with heart insufficiency and after heart transplantation: A need for special care programs? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(1668). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101668
Carlsen, D. B., Durkin, M. J., Gibson, G., Jurasic, M. M., Patel, U., Poggensee, L., Fitzpatrick, M. A., Echevarria, K., McGregor, J., & Evans, C. T. (2021). Concordance of antibiotic prescribing with the American Dental Association acute oral infection guidelines within Veterans’ Affairs (VA) dentistry. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2021.78
Davris, W., Mailani, F., & Muliantino, M. R. (2023). Edukasi kesehatan terhadap kecemasan pasien pra-kateterisasi dengan diagnostik jantung koroner. Jik Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2), 287. https://doi.org/10.33757/jik.v7i2.724
Demarchi, L. S., Vogel, M. T., Haubert, G., & Rigo, L. (2023). Impact of xerostomia and the use of dental prosthesis on the quality of life of elderly. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 22, e237543. https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8667543
Ding, F., Wu, D., Han, X., Cheng, L.-J., Sun, Z., & Lv, Y.-L. (2018). Oral hygiene and periodontal conditions in Chinese patients with aortic aneurysm. BMC Oral Health, 18(136). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0594-3
Dwiyanti, S., Benyamin, B., Zita, M., Ole, M. R., & Wiranatha, J. (2024). Preoperative oral health screening prior to cardiovascular intervention: a case report. Journal of Medicine and Health, 6(1), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v6i1.6606
Erdal, E., Ustaoğlu, G., Karaş, Z., & Bilgin, S. (2021). Investigation of patients with coronary slow flow in terms of periodontal health status. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira, 67(4), 561-565. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20201043
Freire, J. A. Y., Quezada, S. X. P., Proaño, M. G. C., & Cabezas, D. P. P. (2024). Impact of periodontal health on the risk of cardiac conditions: common factors and preventive strategies. Salud, Ciencia Y Tecnología - Serie De Conferencias, 3. https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024.103
Garbade, J., Rast, J., Schmalz, G., Eisner, M., Wagner, J., Kottmann, T., Oberbach, A., Lehmann, S., Haak, R., Borger, M. A., Binner, C., & Ziebolz, D. (2020). Oral health and dental behaviour of patients with left ventricular assist device: A cross-sectional study. ESC Heart Failure, 7(2), 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12636
Gupta, K., Kumar, S., Kukkamalla, M. A., Taneja, V., Syed, G. A., Pullishery, F., … & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Dental management considerations for patients with cardiovascular disease—a narrative review. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2308261
Hamdani, R., Pramitha, S. R., & Putera, G. M. P. (2022). Gambaran kasus jaringan lunak rongga mulut di kota banjarmasin tahun 2017 – 2020. An-Nadaa Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v9i1.6498
Hartanto, H. A., Arsanti, M., & Wicaksono, M. S. (2024). Penyakit gigi dan gusi sebagai penyebab penyakit jantung. Jurnal Teras Kesehatan, 7(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.38215/jtkes.v7i2.131
Huang, F. and Luo, Z. (2019). Cardiovascular outcomes associated with crush versus provisional stenting techniques for bifurcation lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1070-y
Humaira, N., Mursyid, M., & Zahran, I. (2023). Kajian interaksi obat pada pasien penyakit jantung di rsud st. madyang palopo. Jurnal Surya Medika, 9(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v9i3.6469
Ilango, P., Mahendra, J., Mahendra, L., Cherian, S. M., Kathaperumal, K., Suresh, V., Mahalingam, A., & Abirami, T. (2020). Evidence linking the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery disease with and without periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0704
Ilango, P., Mahendra, J., Mahendra, L., Cherian, S. M., Suresh, V., Mahalingam, A., Khanna, V. V., Vummidi, A. V., Thanigaimalai, A., & Dave, P. H. (2023). Evidence linking the association of periodontal viruses and pentraxins in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.23-0096
Kumar, A. and Rai, A. (2018). Oral health status, health behaviour and treatment needs of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0137
Lathifah, N., Yuwindry, I., & Zulfadhilah, M. (2022). Pengaruh efek samping obat terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner di rsud brigjend h.hasan basry hulu sungai selatan. Journal Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, 3(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33859/jpcs.v3i1.216
Mando, R., Sigua-Arce, P., Spencer, L., & Halalau, A. (2019). Slippery stents: a case report and review of the literature describing patients with may-thurner syndrome that experienced stent migration. Case Reports in Vascular Medicine, 2019, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7606727
Masriani, L. (2020). Pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan prakateterisasi jantung terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien di instalasi pelayanan jantung terpadu rssa malang. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada, 9(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v9i1.211
Miyauchi, S., Nishi, H., Ouhara, K., Tokuyama, T., Okubo, Y., Okamura, S., Miyamoto, S., Oguri, N., Uotani, Y., Takasaki, T., Katayama, K., Furusho, H., Miyauchi, M., Takahashi, S., Hiyama, T., & Nakano, Y. (2022). Relationship between periodontitis and atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Histological evaluation of left atrial appendages. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.018
Molania, T., Shafaroudi, A. M., Taghavi, M., Ehsani, H., Moosazadeh, M., Haddadi, A., … & Salehi, M. (2021). Oral health-related quality of life (ohrqol) in cardiovascular patients referring to fatima zahra hospital in sari, iran. BMC Oral Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01756-0
Murrad, B. G., Hussein, A. F., & Al‐Rashidi, R. R. (2024). Adipose cell induction under the impacted tooth and extraction facilities (clinical therapy). International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences, 10(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.22271/oral.2024.v10.i2d.1949
Nazir, M. A., AlGhamdi, L., Alkadi, M., AlBeajan, N., Alrashoudi, L., & AlHussan, M. (2018). The burden of diabetes, its oral complications and their prevention and management. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(8), 1545-1553. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.294
Nyagolova, A., Slavova, V., Angelova, R., Hristova, R., Tonkova, D., Tsoneva, Z., … & Georgiev, S. (2024). Periodontitis in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.75320
Ogawa, M., Satomi-Kobayashi, S., Yoshida, N., Tsuboi, Y., Komaki, K., Nanba, N., Izawa, K. P., Inoue, T., Sakai, Y., Akashi, M., Hirata, K., & Okada, K. (2021). Impact of oral health status on postoperative complications and functional recovery after cardiovascular surgery. CJC Open, 3(3), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2020.10.007
Padial‐Molina, M., Gonzalez‐Perez, G., Martín‐Morales, N., Sánchez‐Fernández, E., O’Valle, F., & Galindo‐Moreno, P. (2023). Periostin in the relation between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: a pilot randomized clinical study. Journal of Periodontal Research, 59(3), 446-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13229
Pardo, A., Signoriello, A., Signoretto, C., Messina, E., Tessari, M., De Manna, N. D., Rossetti, C., Carelli, M., Albanese, M., Lombardo, G., & Luciani, G. B. (2021). Detection of periodontal pathogens in oral samples and cardiac specimens in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 3874. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173874
Radhiyyah, H. D., Adiputro, D. L., Biworo, A., Rudiansyah, M., & Illiandri, O. (2022). Gambaran pemberian beta bloker pada pasien gagal jantung di rsud ulin banjarmasin. Homeostasis, 5(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.20527/ht.v5i1.5182
Reichert, S., Schulz, S., Friebe, L., Kohnert, M., Grollmitz, J., Schaller, H.-G., & Hofmann, B. (2021). Is periodontitis a predictor for an adverse outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040818
Rozas, N. S., Tribble, G. D., & Jeter, C. B. (2021). Oral factors that impact the oral microbiota in parkinson’s disease. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081616
Siddiqui, M. U., Warner, E. D., Junarta, J., O’Neill, P., Signarovitz, D., Kanawati, E., … & Fischman, D. L. (2024). Outcomes of drug-eluting stents in comparison to bare metal stents in cancer patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 2024, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3072909
Alim, B. A., Canturk, E., & Koksal, C. (2020). The effect of treated apical periodontitis before heart valve surgery on C-reactive protein levels. Oral Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13554
Ambarawati, I. G. A. D., Purbasari, I. G. A. K. I., Kristanto, R., Manuaba, I. B. P. P., & Dewi, I. G. A. P. (2024). Distribution of demographic characteristics and predisposing disease in oral candidiasis patients at prof. ngoerah hospital denpasar in 2022-2023. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 21(3), 2349-2355. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.0674
Augustina, E. F., Setyawati, E. M., & Aghasy, A. Z. Z. (2021). Webinar dan workshop kesehatan periodontal secara digital di era pandemi covid-19 di sidoarjo. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(2), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.54082/jamsi.93
Baru, O., Buduru, S. D., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Leucuta, D. C., Roman, A. R., Tălmăceanu, D., Silvasan, H., & Badea, M. E. (2024). Autologous leucocyte and platelet rich in fibrin (L-PRF) – is it a competitive solution for bone augmentation in maxillary sinus lift? A 6-month radiological comparison between xenografts and L-PRF. Medical Papers and Research. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-2719
Basirat, M., Mirrazeghi, S. F., Soleimani, F., & Karimi, F. N. (2023). Risk factors and serum parameters associated with xerostomia in cardiac patients – a case-control study. Polish Annals of Medicine, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.29089/paom/175108
Binner, C., Wagner, J., Schmalz, G., Eisner, M., Rast, J., Kottmann, T., Haak, R., Oberbach, A., Borger, M. A., Garbade, J., & Ziebolz, D. (2019). Insufficient oral behaviour and the high need for periodontal treatment in patients with heart insufficiency and after heart transplantation: A need for special care programs? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(1668). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101668
Carlsen, D. B., Durkin, M. J., Gibson, G., Jurasic, M. M., Patel, U., Poggensee, L., Fitzpatrick, M. A., Echevarria, K., McGregor, J., & Evans, C. T. (2021). Concordance of antibiotic prescribing with the American Dental Association acute oral infection guidelines within Veterans’ Affairs (VA) dentistry. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2021.78
Davris, W., Mailani, F., & Muliantino, M. R. (2023). Edukasi kesehatan terhadap kecemasan pasien pra-kateterisasi dengan diagnostik jantung koroner. Jik Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(2), 287. https://doi.org/10.33757/jik.v7i2.724
Demarchi, L. S., Vogel, M. T., Haubert, G., & Rigo, L. (2023). Impact of xerostomia and the use of dental prosthesis on the quality of life of elderly. Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 22, e237543. https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8667543
Ding, F., Wu, D., Han, X., Cheng, L.-J., Sun, Z., & Lv, Y.-L. (2018). Oral hygiene and periodontal conditions in Chinese patients with aortic aneurysm. BMC Oral Health, 18(136). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0594-3
Dwiyanti, S., Benyamin, B., Zita, M., Ole, M. R., & Wiranatha, J. (2024). Preoperative oral health screening prior to cardiovascular intervention: a case report. Journal of Medicine and Health, 6(1), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.28932/jmh.v6i1.6606
Erdal, E., Ustaoğlu, G., Karaş, Z., & Bilgin, S. (2021). Investigation of patients with coronary slow flow in terms of periodontal health status. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira, 67(4), 561-565. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20201043
Freire, J. A. Y., Quezada, S. X. P., Proaño, M. G. C., & Cabezas, D. P. P. (2024). Impact of periodontal health on the risk of cardiac conditions: common factors and preventive strategies. Salud, Ciencia Y Tecnología - Serie De Conferencias, 3. https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024.103
Garbade, J., Rast, J., Schmalz, G., Eisner, M., Wagner, J., Kottmann, T., Oberbach, A., Lehmann, S., Haak, R., Borger, M. A., Binner, C., & Ziebolz, D. (2020). Oral health and dental behaviour of patients with left ventricular assist device: A cross-sectional study. ESC Heart Failure, 7(2), 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.12636
Gupta, K., Kumar, S., Kukkamalla, M. A., Taneja, V., Syed, G. A., Pullishery, F., … & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Dental management considerations for patients with cardiovascular disease—a narrative review. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2308261
Hamdani, R., Pramitha, S. R., & Putera, G. M. P. (2022). Gambaran kasus jaringan lunak rongga mulut di kota banjarmasin tahun 2017 – 2020. An-Nadaa Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v9i1.6498
Hartanto, H. A., Arsanti, M., & Wicaksono, M. S. (2024). Penyakit gigi dan gusi sebagai penyebab penyakit jantung. Jurnal Teras Kesehatan, 7(2), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.38215/jtkes.v7i2.131
Huang, F. and Luo, Z. (2019). Cardiovascular outcomes associated with crush versus provisional stenting techniques for bifurcation lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1070-y
Humaira, N., Mursyid, M., & Zahran, I. (2023). Kajian interaksi obat pada pasien penyakit jantung di rsud st. madyang palopo. Jurnal Surya Medika, 9(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v9i3.6469
Ilango, P., Mahendra, J., Mahendra, L., Cherian, S. M., Kathaperumal, K., Suresh, V., Mahalingam, A., & Abirami, T. (2020). Evidence linking the role of periodontal viruses in coronary artery disease with and without periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.19-0704
Ilango, P., Mahendra, J., Mahendra, L., Cherian, S. M., Suresh, V., Mahalingam, A., Khanna, V. V., Vummidi, A. V., Thanigaimalai, A., & Dave, P. H. (2023). Evidence linking the association of periodontal viruses and pentraxins in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Periodontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.23-0096
Kumar, A. and Rai, A. (2018). Oral health status, health behaviour and treatment needs of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2017-0137
Lathifah, N., Yuwindry, I., & Zulfadhilah, M. (2022). Pengaruh efek samping obat terhadap kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner di rsud brigjend h.hasan basry hulu sungai selatan. Journal Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, 3(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.33859/jpcs.v3i1.216
Mando, R., Sigua-Arce, P., Spencer, L., & Halalau, A. (2019). Slippery stents: a case report and review of the literature describing patients with may-thurner syndrome that experienced stent migration. Case Reports in Vascular Medicine, 2019, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7606727
Masriani, L. (2020). Pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan prakateterisasi jantung terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien di instalasi pelayanan jantung terpadu rssa malang. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Media Husada, 9(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.33475/jikmh.v9i1.211
Miyauchi, S., Nishi, H., Ouhara, K., Tokuyama, T., Okubo, Y., Okamura, S., Miyamoto, S., Oguri, N., Uotani, Y., Takasaki, T., Katayama, K., Furusho, H., Miyauchi, M., Takahashi, S., Hiyama, T., & Nakano, Y. (2022). Relationship between periodontitis and atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Histological evaluation of left atrial appendages. JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.018
Molania, T., Shafaroudi, A. M., Taghavi, M., Ehsani, H., Moosazadeh, M., Haddadi, A., … & Salehi, M. (2021). Oral health-related quality of life (ohrqol) in cardiovascular patients referring to fatima zahra hospital in sari, iran. BMC Oral Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01756-0
Murrad, B. G., Hussein, A. F., & Al‐Rashidi, R. R. (2024). Adipose cell induction under the impacted tooth and extraction facilities (clinical therapy). International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences, 10(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.22271/oral.2024.v10.i2d.1949
Nazir, M. A., AlGhamdi, L., Alkadi, M., AlBeajan, N., Alrashoudi, L., & AlHussan, M. (2018). The burden of diabetes, its oral complications and their prevention and management. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(8), 1545-1553. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.294
Nyagolova, A., Slavova, V., Angelova, R., Hristova, R., Tonkova, D., Tsoneva, Z., … & Georgiev, S. (2024). Periodontitis in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.75320
Ogawa, M., Satomi-Kobayashi, S., Yoshida, N., Tsuboi, Y., Komaki, K., Nanba, N., Izawa, K. P., Inoue, T., Sakai, Y., Akashi, M., Hirata, K., & Okada, K. (2021). Impact of oral health status on postoperative complications and functional recovery after cardiovascular surgery. CJC Open, 3(3), 276–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjco.2020.10.007
Padial‐Molina, M., Gonzalez‐Perez, G., Martín‐Morales, N., Sánchez‐Fernández, E., O’Valle, F., & Galindo‐Moreno, P. (2023). Periostin in the relation between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: a pilot randomized clinical study. Journal of Periodontal Research, 59(3), 446-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13229
Pardo, A., Signoriello, A., Signoretto, C., Messina, E., Tessari, M., De Manna, N. D., Rossetti, C., Carelli, M., Albanese, M., Lombardo, G., & Luciani, G. B. (2021). Detection of periodontal pathogens in oral samples and cardiac specimens in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(17), 3874. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173874
Radhiyyah, H. D., Adiputro, D. L., Biworo, A., Rudiansyah, M., & Illiandri, O. (2022). Gambaran pemberian beta bloker pada pasien gagal jantung di rsud ulin banjarmasin. Homeostasis, 5(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.20527/ht.v5i1.5182
Reichert, S., Schulz, S., Friebe, L., Kohnert, M., Grollmitz, J., Schaller, H.-G., & Hofmann, B. (2021). Is periodontitis a predictor for an adverse outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? A pilot study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(4), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040818
Rozas, N. S., Tribble, G. D., & Jeter, C. B. (2021). Oral factors that impact the oral microbiota in parkinson’s disease. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081616
Siddiqui, M. U., Warner, E. D., Junarta, J., O’Neill, P., Signarovitz, D., Kanawati, E., … & Fischman, D. L. (2024). Outcomes of drug-eluting stents in comparison to bare metal stents in cancer patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Interventional Cardiology, 2024, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3072909