Efficacy of Hydrotherapy Soak Feet in Lowering Blood Pressure of Hypertension Sufferers in Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i4.715Keywords:
Blood pressure, Hydrotherapy soak feet, Hypertension, Dauhwaru villageAbstract
Hypertension fluctuates significantly every year, especially in Jembrana Regency. Long-term consumption of the drug may result in complications. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of foot soak hydrotherapy in lowering the blood pressure of hypertension sufferers in Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana. Experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design without any control group. In 37 respondents with hypertension, the treatment consisted of 20 minutes of hydrotherapy in which the feet were immersed in 25-centimeter-deep water. The data was analyzed using a Paired T-Test and descriptive tests. The results showed that respondents aged 31–40 years (51.4%), male (54.1%), independent entrepreneurial work (40.5%), senior high school graduate education (35.1%), a daily work duration of > 12 hours/day, and respondents who had used anti-hypertensive medications for 6–8 years (37.8%) dominated the age characteristics. Hence, the results obtained from the T-test obtained a probability value (2-tailed) of 0,000 < 0.01. Hence, there is a very noticeable difference in blood pressure before and after being given foot-soak hydrotherapeutic treatment in hypertension patients in Dauhwaru Village, with a lowering in systolic blood pressure of 124.3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 0.62.2 mmHg. Therefore, hydrotherapy soak feet is effective in lowering blood pressure.
Downloads
References
Ainslie, T. (2020). Hydrotherapy aquatic physiotherapy and the application of bad ragaz ring method. Journal of Advanced Health Care, 2(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.36017/jahc2007-002
Almassmoum, S. M., Balahmar, E. A., Almutairi, S. T., Albuainain, G., Ahmad, R., & Naqvi, A. A. (2018). Current clinical status of hydrotherapy; an evidence based retrospective six-years (2012-2017) systemic review. Bali Medical Journal, 7(3), 578–586. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v7i3.1159
Ambarwati, Uliya, & Ismatul. (2020). Foot soak therapy using warm water with a mixture of salt and lemongrass to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Jurnal Profesi Keperawatan Academi Keperawatan Krida Husada Kudus, 7(2), 88–102.
An, J., Lee, I., & Yi, Y. (2019). The thermal effects of water immersion on health outcomes: An integrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 1280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071280
Anagnostis, P., Theocharis, P., Lallas, K., Konstantis, G., Mastrogiannis, K., Bosdou, J. K., Lambrinoudaki, I., Stevenson, J. C., & Goulis, D. G. (2020). Early menopause is associated with increased risk of arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 135(February), 74–79.
Angell, E. B. (2017). The Physiological Basis of Hydrotherapy. The American Journal of Nursing, 3(8), 600–606.
Angraini, R., Irwan, A. M., & Arafat, R. (2021). Effects of Presenting Hydrotherapy to Lower Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients: A Literature Review. Jurnal Sains Dan Kesehatan, 3(6), 900–908.
Bakar, A., Khusniyah, I. M., & Pratiwi, I. N. (2020). The effect of listening to asmaul husna, isometric handgrip exercise, and foot hydrotherapy intervention to reduce blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(9), 837–844.
Bali Health Department. (2021). Bali Province Health Profile in 2020 (p. 243). Bali Provincial Health Office. https://diskes.baliprov.go.id/profil-kesehatan-provinsi-bali/
Becker, B. E. (1994). The biologic aspects of hydrotherapy. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 4(4), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-1994-4405
Beevers, G. (2001). ABC of hypertension: The pathophysiology of hypertension. BMJ, 322(7291), 912–916. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7291.912
Brunt, V. E., Howard, M. J., Francisco, M. A., Ely, B. R., & Minson, C. T. (2016). Passive heat therapy improves endothelial function, arterial stiffness and blood pressure in sedentary humans. 18, 5329–5342. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP272453
Campbell, N. R. C., Paccot Burnens, M., Whelton, P. K., Angell, S. Y., Jaffe, M. G., Cohn, J., Espinosa Brito, A., Irazola, V., Brettler, J. W., Roccella, E. J., Maldonado Figueredo,
J. I., Rosende, A., & Ordunez, P. (2022). 2021 World Health Organization guideline on pharmacological treatment of hypertension: Policy implications for the region of the Americas. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, 9, 100219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100219
Colligan, T. W., & Higgins, & E. M. (2006). Workplace Stress. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 21(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1300/J490v21n02_07
Coylewright, M., Reckelhoff, J. F., & Ouyang, P. (2008). Menopause and hypertension: An age-old debate. Hypertension, 51(2), 952–959. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.105742
Darwin, M., Mamondol, M. R., Sormin, S. A., Nurhayati, Y., Tambunan, H., Sylvia, D., Adnyana, I. M. D. M., Prasetiyo, B., Vianitati, P., & Gebang, A. A. (2021). Quantitative approach research method (T. S. Tambunan, Ed.; 1st ed.). CV Media Sains Indonesia.
Devkate, G. V, Tate, S. S., Deokate, S. B., Bhujbal, A. S., Tupe, A. P., & Patil, R. N. (2016). Hydrotherapy: A New Trend in Disease Treatment. International Journal of Science and Research Methodology, 5(52), 117–135.
Ding, J., Davis-Plourde, K. L., Sedaghat, S., Tully, P. J., Wang, W., Phillips, C., Pase, M. P., Himali, J. J., Gwen Windham, B., Griswold, M., Gottesman, R., Mosley, T. H., White,
L., Guðnason, V., Debette, S., Beiser, A. S., Seshadri, S., Ikram, M. A., Meirelles, O., … Launer, L. J. (2020). Antihypertensive medications and risk for incident dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies. The Lancet Neurology, 19(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30393-X
Dulawa, J., & Kokot, M. (2018). Water immersion model in nephrology: from hydrotherapy to weightlessness. G Ital Nefrol, 35(70), 33–35.
Fadlilah, S., Erwanto, R., Sucipto, A., Anita, D. C., & Aminah, S. (2020). Soak feet with warm water and progressive muscle relaxation therapy on blood pressure in
hypertension elderly. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 14(3), 1444–1448.
Fuchs, F. D., & Whelton, P. K. (2020). High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension, Cvd, 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240
Harrison, D. G., Coffman, T. M., & Wilcox, C. S. (2021). Pathophysiology of Hypertension: The Mosaic Theory and beyond. Circulation Research, 128, 847–863. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318082
Hartinah, D., Sofyan, A., Siswanto, & Syafiq, A. (2019). The Effect of Hydrotherapy on Blood Pressure of The Hypertensive Patients in Public Hospital of RA. Kartini
Jepara. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 15, 96–99. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihsn-19.2019.22
Hulens, M., Rasschaert, R., Vansant, G., Stalmans, I., Bruyninckx, F., & Dankaerts, W. (2018). The link between idiopathic intracranial hypertension, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome: Exploration of a shared pathophysiology. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 3129–3140.
Irawan, V. E. R. (2017). The effect of foot soak hydrotherapy with warm water on blood pressure levels in primary hypertensive patients in Gunung Ceneng, Turen Village. Jurnal Keperawatan Florence, 2(1), 1–4.
Jembrana Health Department. (2021). Jembrana District Health Office Profile 2020. Jembrana District Health Office.
Juarez, E. (2020). Hydrotherapy Manual (1st ed.). Weimar University.
Júnior, F. A. D. M., Gomes, S. G., da Silva, F. F., Souza, P. M., Oliveira, E. C., Coelho, D. B., Nascimento-Neto, R. M., Lima, W., & Becker, L. K. (2020). The effects of aquatic and land exercise on resting blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension response in elderly hypertensives. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 31(3), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2019-051
Kumar, A., J., S. K., & Shetty, P. (2021). Effect of Warm Foot Bath on Heart Rate Variability in Hypertension. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 15(4), 22–28.
Linhares, G. M., Machado, A. V., & Malachias, M. V. B. (2020). Hydrotherapy reduces arterial stiffness in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 114(4), 647–654.
Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2
Ministry of Health. (2019). Hypertension The Silent Killer. In Kementrian Kesehatan RI (1st ed.). Center for Data, Statistics and Information of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mooventhan, A., & Nivethitha, L. (2014). Scientific evidence-based effects of hydrotherapy on various systems of the body. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(5), 199–209.
Murwidi, I. C., & Abdullah, F. (2019). Effectiveness of Warm Water Foot Soak and Benson Relaxation Techniques Combination in Reducing Blood Pressure of Hypertensive Patients. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences, 1(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.31934/ijhess
Nascimento, J. O. V., dos Santos, J., Meira, K. C., Pierin, A. M. G., & Souza-Talarico, J. N. (2019). Shift work of nursing professionals and blood pressure, burnout and common mental disorders. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem, 53, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2018002103443
Parker, R., Higgins, Z., Mlombile, Z. N. P., Mohr, M. J., & Wagner, T. L. (2018). The effects of warm water immersion on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in people with chronic fatigue syndrome. South African Journal of Surgery, 74(1), a442. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v74i1.442
Pramono, J. S., Arsyawina, & Masita, I. K. (2021). Reducing Blood Pressure with Slow Stroke Back Massage and Warm Water Foot Soak on Isolated Systolic Hypertension Patients. International Journal of Nursing and Health Services, 4(4), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v4i4.467
Riou, M., Pizzimenti, M., Enache, I., Charloux, A., Canuet, M., Andres, E., Talha, S., Meyer, A., & Geny, B. (2020). Skeletal and respiratory muscle dysfunctions in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020410
Rowland, K. (2014). JNC VIII guidelines. Evidence-Based Practice, 17(9), 6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EBP.0000540748.66586.69
Saxena, T., Ali, A. O., & Saxena, M. (2018). Pathophysiology of essential hypertension: an update. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 16(12), 879–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2018.1540301
Shi, S., Shen, Z., Duan, Y., Ding, S., & Zhong, Z. (2019). Association Between Medication Literacy and Medication Adherence Among Patients with Hypertension. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 822. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00822
Sudaryati, N. L. G., & Adnyana, I. M. D. M. (2018). The Use and Meaning of Water in the Vedas. VIDYA WERTTA: Media Komunikasi Universitas Hindu Indonesia, 1(2), 148–162.
Sudaryati, N. L. G., Sudiartawan, I. P., & Adnyana, I. M. D. M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Giving Foot Soak Hydrotherapy to Patients with Hypertension in Banjar Sri Mandala, Dauhwaru Village, Jembrana Regency. Jurnal Widya Biologi, 10(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.32795/widyabiologi.v10i01.235
Tochihara, Y. (2022). A review of Japanese-style bathing: its demerits and merits. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 41(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00278-0
Valado, A., Fortes, S., Morais, M., Barreira, R., Figueiredo, J. P., & Caseiro, A. (2022). Impact of Hydrotherapy on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in an Elderly Population. Geriatrics, 7(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7030064
WHO. (2021). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults (1st ed.). Geneva: WHO.
Widiyanto, A., Putri, S. I., Fajriah, A. S., & Atmojo, J. T. (2021). Prevention of Hypertension at Home. Journal for Quality in Public Health, 4(2), 301–308. https://doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v4i2.222
Zamunér, A. R., Andrade, C. P., Arca, E. A., & Avila, M. A. (2019). Impact of water therapy on pain management in patients with fibromyalgia: Current perspectives. Journal of Pain Research, 12, 1971–2007. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S161494
Zhou, B., Danaei, G., Stevens, G. A., Bixby, H., Taddei, C., Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Solomon, B., Riley, L. M., Di Cesare, M., Iurilli, M. L. C., Rodriguez-Martinez, A., Zhu, A., Hajifathalian, K., Amuzu, A., Banegas, J. R., Bennett, J. E., Cameron, C., Cho, Y., Clarke, J., … Ezzati, M. (2019). Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in 12 high-income countries: an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys. The Lancet, 394(10199), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31145-6


