Atherosclerosis in rat PCOS model induced by testosterone propionate combined with high fat high fructose diet
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Dec 19, 2023
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is closely related to the metabolic syndrome like what occurs to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The recent increase in prevalence due to high calories diet and high carbohydrate, infrequent exercise, and the escalating obesity trend increased insulin resistance. PCOS is linked to many long term health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. How is the potential of atherosclerosis for PCOS model mice induced with testosterone propionate and high fat diet and high fructose? This research is important to conduct in order to determine the potential of atherosclerosis for PCOS through the observation on mice model of PCOS. This research employed Postest Only Control Group Design method. Twenty female Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar mice weighing between 100 and 130 grams, aged 3 months, served as the samples. After observing estrous cycle, 15 mice were randomly chosen to be made PCOS model induced with testosterone propionate 1mg/100 g BW/day intramuscularly combined with high fat diet and high fructose. The treatment was given on day 18, 21, and 24. Afterwards, the mice were sacrificed on day 19, 22, and 25. After 12 hours of fasting the mice, the mice were sacrificed and the coronary arteries attached to the heart were taken to be made histological preparations. Then, the degree of atherosclerosis potential was observed. Statistical analysis used One Way Anova test with significance level of α=0,05. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Product and Servive Solutions (SPSS) program version 24.0 for Windows.
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How to Cite
Sularto, D. S. and Wahyuni, A. (2023) “Atherosclerosis in rat PCOS model induced by testosterone propionate combined with high fat high fructose diet ”, Science Midwifery, 11(5), pp. 836-841. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v11i5.1384.
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Atasayan, K., & Yoldemir, T. (2021). The effect of PCOS status on atherosclerosis markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young women with vitamin D deficiency. Gynecological Endocrinology, 37(3), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2020.1826428
Begum, G. S., Shariff, A., Ayman, G., Mohammad, B., Housam, R., & Khaled, N. (2017). Assessment of Risk Factors for development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. 4(1), 4.
Bitla, A. R. (2014). Oxidative Stress in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8125.4530
Buyukkaya, R., Besir, F. H., & Yazgan, S. (2014). The evaluation of carotid intima–media thickness and visceral obesity as an atherosclerosis predictor in newly-diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome. La Clinica Terapeutica, 1, e6–e11. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2014.1664
Choi, C.-I. (2019). Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications. Marine Drugs, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040242
Davinelli, S., Nicolosi, D., Di Cesare, C., Scapagnini, G., & Di Marco, R. (2020). Targeting Metabolic Consequences of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by D-chiro-inositol and Emerging Nutraceuticals: A Focused Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040987
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Furuhashi, M., Ogura, M., Matsumoto, M., Yuda, S., Muranaka, A., Kawamukai, M., Omori, A., Tanaka, M., Moniwa, N., Ohnishi, H., Saitoh, S., Harada-Shiba, M., Shimamoto, K., & Miura, T. (2017). Serum FABP5 concentration is a potential biomarker for residual risk of atherosclerosis in relation to cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00177-w
González, F. (2012). Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Steroids, 77(4), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.003
Kiranmayee, D., Kavya, K., Himabindu, Y., Sriharibabu, M., Madhuri, G. J., & Venu, S. (2017). Correlations between anthropometry and lipid profile in women with PCOS. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 10(3), 167. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_108_16
Kort, D.H., Lobo, R.A.,. (2014). Preliminary evidence that cinnamon improves menstrual cyclicity in women withpolycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 211, 487.e1-487.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.05.009
Kovačević, S., Brkljačić, J., Vojnović Milutinović, D., Gligorovska, L., Bursać, B., Elaković, I., & Djordjevic, A. (2021). Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 749328. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.749328
Mousa, S., Saif, A., Fathy, M., Mansour, M., Abd Elhamid, A. M., Atef, A., Galal, M., Saad, S., & Aboulsoud, S. (2023). Assessment of early vascular changes in adult females with polycystic ovary syndrome: Correlation with insulin resistance. Gynecological Endocrinology, 39(1), 2210226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2023.2210226
Namavar Jahromi, B., Dabaghmanesh, M. H., Parsanezhad, M. E., & Fatehpoor, F. (2017). Association of leptin and insulin resistance in PCOS: A case-controlled study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 15(7), 423–428. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijrm.15.7.423
Patel, R., & Shah, G. (2018). Insulin Sensitizers Modulate GnRH Receptor Expression in PCOS Rats. Archives of Medical Research, 49(3), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.001
Rashad, N. M., El-Shal, A. S., Abomandour, H. G., Aboelfath, A. M. K., Rafeek, M. el sayed, Badr, M. S., Ali, A. E., Yousef, M. S., Fathy, M. A., & Sharaf el din, M. taha A. (2019). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and serum levels as markers of pre-clinical atherosclerosis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Ovarian Research, 12(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-019-0566-5
Teede, H. J., Joham, A. E., Paul, E., Moran, L. J., Loxton, D., Jolley, D., & Lombard, C. (2013). Longitudinal weight gain in women identified With polycystic ovary syndrome: Results of an observational study in young women: Weight Gain and BMI in PCOS. Obesity, 21(8), 1526–1532. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20213
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Costello, M. F., Dokras, A., Laven, J., Moran, L., Piltonen, T., Norman, R. J., International PCOS Network, Andersen, M., Azziz, R., Balen, A., Baye, E., Boyle, J., Brennan, L., Broekmans, F., Dabadghao, P., Devoto, L., Dewailly, D., … Yildiz, B. O. (2018). Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome†‡. Human Reproduction, 33(9), 1602–1618. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey256
Themes, U. (2016). Chronic Anovulation and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obgyn Key. https://obgynkey.com/chronic-anovulation-and-the-polycystic-ovary-syndrome/
Zuo, T., Zhu, M., & Xu, W. (2016). Roles of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cancers. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8589318
Al-Mahmood, A., Afrin, S., & Hoque, N. (2014). Dyslipidemia in Insulin Resistance: Cause or Effect. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 7(1), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i1.18576
Altaş, M., Var, A., Köse, C., Özbilgin, K., & Arı, Z. (2010). Endothelial dysfunction in high fructose containing diet fed rats: Increased nitric oxide and decreased endothelin-1 levels in liver tissue. 37(3), 7.
Andrade, M. I. S. de, Oliveira, J. S., Leal, V. S., Lima, N. M. S. da, Costa, E. C., Aquino, N. B. de, & Lira, P. I. C. de. (2016). Identification of cutoff points for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index in adolescents: Systematic review. Revista Paulista de Pediatria (English Edition), 34(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppede.2016.01.004
Atasayan, K., & Yoldemir, T. (2021). The effect of PCOS status on atherosclerosis markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young women with vitamin D deficiency. Gynecological Endocrinology, 37(3), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2020.1826428
Begum, G. S., Shariff, A., Ayman, G., Mohammad, B., Housam, R., & Khaled, N. (2017). Assessment of Risk Factors for development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. 4(1), 4.
Bitla, A. R. (2014). Oxidative Stress in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8125.4530
Buyukkaya, R., Besir, F. H., & Yazgan, S. (2014). The evaluation of carotid intima–media thickness and visceral obesity as an atherosclerosis predictor in newly-diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome. La Clinica Terapeutica, 1, e6–e11. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2014.1664
Choi, C.-I. (2019). Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications. Marine Drugs, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040242
Davinelli, S., Nicolosi, D., Di Cesare, C., Scapagnini, G., & Di Marco, R. (2020). Targeting Metabolic Consequences of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by D-chiro-inositol and Emerging Nutraceuticals: A Focused Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040987
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., & Dunaif, A. (2012). Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Revisited: An Update on Mechanisms and Implications. Endocrine Reviews, 33(6), 981–1030. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2011-1034
Ebrahimi-Mamaghani, M., Saghafi-Asl, M., Pirouzpanah, S., Aliasgharzadeh, A., Aliashrafi, S., Rezayi, N., & Mehrzad-Sadaghiani, M. (2015). Association of Insulin Resistance with Lipid Profile, Metabolic Syndrome, and Hormonal Aberrations in Overweight or Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. 33(1), 12.
Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Luque-Ramírez, M., & González, F. (2011). Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertility and Sterility, 95(3), 1048-1058.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.036
Furuhashi, M., Ogura, M., Matsumoto, M., Yuda, S., Muranaka, A., Kawamukai, M., Omori, A., Tanaka, M., Moniwa, N., Ohnishi, H., Saitoh, S., Harada-Shiba, M., Shimamoto, K., & Miura, T. (2017). Serum FABP5 concentration is a potential biomarker for residual risk of atherosclerosis in relation to cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00177-w
González, F. (2012). Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Steroids, 77(4), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.003
Kiranmayee, D., Kavya, K., Himabindu, Y., Sriharibabu, M., Madhuri, G. J., & Venu, S. (2017). Correlations between anthropometry and lipid profile in women with PCOS. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 10(3), 167. https://doi.org/10.4103/jhrs.JHRS_108_16
Kort, D.H., Lobo, R.A.,. (2014). Preliminary evidence that cinnamon improves menstrual cyclicity in women withpolycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 211, 487.e1-487.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.05.009
Kovačević, S., Brkljačić, J., Vojnović Milutinović, D., Gligorovska, L., Bursać, B., Elaković, I., & Djordjevic, A. (2021). Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 749328. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.749328
Mousa, S., Saif, A., Fathy, M., Mansour, M., Abd Elhamid, A. M., Atef, A., Galal, M., Saad, S., & Aboulsoud, S. (2023). Assessment of early vascular changes in adult females with polycystic ovary syndrome: Correlation with insulin resistance. Gynecological Endocrinology, 39(1), 2210226. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2023.2210226
Namavar Jahromi, B., Dabaghmanesh, M. H., Parsanezhad, M. E., & Fatehpoor, F. (2017). Association of leptin and insulin resistance in PCOS: A case-controlled study. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 15(7), 423–428. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijrm.15.7.423
Patel, R., & Shah, G. (2018). Insulin Sensitizers Modulate GnRH Receptor Expression in PCOS Rats. Archives of Medical Research, 49(3), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.001
Rashad, N. M., El-Shal, A. S., Abomandour, H. G., Aboelfath, A. M. K., Rafeek, M. el sayed, Badr, M. S., Ali, A. E., Yousef, M. S., Fathy, M. A., & Sharaf el din, M. taha A. (2019). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and serum levels as markers of pre-clinical atherosclerosis in polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Ovarian Research, 12(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-019-0566-5
Teede, H. J., Joham, A. E., Paul, E., Moran, L. J., Loxton, D., Jolley, D., & Lombard, C. (2013). Longitudinal weight gain in women identified With polycystic ovary syndrome: Results of an observational study in young women: Weight Gain and BMI in PCOS. Obesity, 21(8), 1526–1532. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20213
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Costello, M. F., Dokras, A., Laven, J., Moran, L., Piltonen, T., Norman, R. J., International PCOS Network, Andersen, M., Azziz, R., Balen, A., Baye, E., Boyle, J., Brennan, L., Broekmans, F., Dabadghao, P., Devoto, L., Dewailly, D., … Yildiz, B. O. (2018). Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome†‡. Human Reproduction, 33(9), 1602–1618. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey256
Themes, U. (2016). Chronic Anovulation and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obgyn Key. https://obgynkey.com/chronic-anovulation-and-the-polycystic-ovary-syndrome/
Zuo, T., Zhu, M., & Xu, W. (2016). Roles of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cancers. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8589318