The role of c-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker in normal postpartum: A case study at RSUD, dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
The normal delivery process is often followed by pain caused by a ruptured pervaginal wound, which can be the primary focus for assessing the degree of inflammation in the body. The presence of inflammation remains a major concern. One of the most commonly used indicators of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP) in response to inflammation, infections, or tissue injury. aimed at measuring CRP levels in normal postpartum patients who have been allowed to return to the hospital, Dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya. The samples were taken through purposive sampling and consisted of 30 patients from RSUD Dr. Soekardjo City, Tasikmalaya. The inclusion criteria in this study included patients who did not have a history of diseases such as diabetes, tuberculosis (TB), or lupus. While the exclusion criteria included the refusal of subjects to be respondents and samples who underwent hemolysis and have met the ethical test of the research with the number 043-01/E.01/KEPK-BTH/V/2024. The results of the C-reactive protein examination showed that 26 samples (86,7%) showed positive results and 4 samples (13,3%) showed negative results. So it can be concluded that normal postpartum mothers still have inflammation, especially on the first day.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Noviana, D., Meri, M. and Yulianti, D. K. (2024) “The role of c-reactive protein as an inflammatory marker in normal postpartum: A case study at RSUD, dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya”, Science Midwifery, 12(3), pp. 1226-1232. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v12i3.1638.
References
Banait, T., Wanjari, A., Danade, V., Banait, S., & Jain, J. (2022). Role of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Non-communicable Diseases: A Review. Cureus, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30225
Barawi, S. A. M. (2014). Level of C - reactive protein as an indicator for prognosis of premature uterine contractions Corresponding author : JOurnal of Prenatal Medicine, 2, 25–30.
Bränn, E., Edvinsson, Å., Rostedt Punga, A., Sundström-Poromaa, I., & Skalkidou, A. (2019). Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in plasma: from late pregnancy to early postpartum. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38304-w
Buzas, E. I. (2023). The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, 23(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00763-8
Caballero-Herrero, M. J., Jumilla, E., Buitrago-Ruiz, M., Valero-Navarro, G., & Cuevas, S. (2023). Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) in the Postoperative Period after Colorectal Surgery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043862
Cicco, S., Cicco, G., Racanelli, V., & Vacca, A. (2020). NETosis covid review. Mediator of Inflamation, 2020, 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7527953
Fernando, L., Beserra, F. P., Bastos, J. K., & Jackson, C. J. (2021). Cutaneous Wound Healing : An Update from Physiopathology to Current Therapies. Life, 11(7), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070665
Geng, K., Ma, X., Jiang, Z., Huang, W., Gao, C., Pu, Y., Luo, L., Xu, Y., & Xu, Y. (2021). Innate Immunity in Diabetic Wound Healing: Focus on the Mastermind Hidden in Chronic Inflammatory. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12(April), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.653940
Gong, T., Liu, L., Jiang, W., & Zhou, R. (2020). DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20(2), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0215-7
Haapasalo, K., & Meri, S. (2019). Regulation of the Complement System by Pentraxins. Frontiers in Immunology |, 10(August), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01750
Hannoodee, S., & Nasuruddin, D. N. (2024). Respon Peradangan Akut Perkenalan Masalah yang Perlu Diperhatikan. StatPearls Publishing.
Jialal., R. G. M. A. A. I. (2023). Physiology, Acute Phase Reactants. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519570/
M.J.Portou, D.Baker, D.Abraham, & J.Tsui. (2015). The innate immune system, toll-like receptors and dermal wound healing: A review. Vascular Pharmacology, 71, 31–36. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537189115000476#!
Mertens, K., Muys, J., & Jacquemyn, Y. (2019). Postpartum C-Reactive Protein: A limited value to detect infection or inflammation. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 11(3), 243–250. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32082531%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC7020948
Miller, L. E., & Stevens, C. D. (2021). Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective. In Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri (fith, Vol. 01). F. A. Davis Company.
Mohr, S., Amylidi-Mohr, S. K., Stadelmann, P., Sculean, A., Persson, R., Eick, S., & Surbek, D. V. (2019). Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Periodontitis and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Frontiers in Immunology, 10(November), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02624
Muin, D. A., Scharrer, A., Farr, A., Kiss, H., & Haslacher, H. (2021). Timing of hospital admission for stillbirth delivery on maternal and obstetric outcome: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98229-9
Nurhayati, Y. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas Tentang Vulva Hygiene Dengan Tingkat Kesembuhan Luka Perineum Pada Ibu Nifas. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 12–20.
Patel, S. M. N. A. G. B. C. (2023). C reactive protein (Japanese). In Jap.J.Clin.Path. (Vol. 31).
Pemiliana, P. D., Sarumpaet, I. H., & Ziliwu, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Ruptur Perineum Pada Persalinan Normal di Klinik Niar Medan Tahun 2018. Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan, 2(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.33096/woh.v2i2.623
Peter, K. (2018). Dissociation of C-Reactive Protein Localizes and Amplifies inflammation : evidence for a Direct Biological Role of C-Reactive Protein and its Conformational Changes. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01351
Pitharouli, M. C., Hagenaars, S. P., Glanville, K. P., Coleman, J. R. I., Hotopf, M., Lewis, C. M., & Pariante, C. M. (2021). Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Depression, Independent of Genetic, Health, and Psychosocial Factors: Results From the UK Biobank. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(6), 522–529. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20060947
Plebani, M. (2023). Why C-reactive protein is one of the most requested tests in clinical laboratories? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 61(9), 1540–1545. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-0086
Quansah, D. Y., Horsch, A., Gilbert, L., Donath, M. Y., & Puder, J. (2023). Protein C-reaktif selama kehamilan dan awal pascapersalinan memprediksi hasil kesehatan metabolik yang merugikan pada 1 tahun pascapersalinan pada wanita dengan diabetes gestasional. 1–11.
Schmitt, R., Pieper, L., Gonzalez-Grajales, L. A., Swinkels, J., Gelfert, C. C., & Staufenbiel, R. (2021). Evaluation of different acute-phase proteins for herd health diagnostics in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 88(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029921000078
Shankar, S., Manjunath, S., Alqahtani, S. M., Ganji, K. K., Nagate, R. R., Ghokale, S. T., Nagarajappa, A. K., Javali, M. A., Tikare, S., & Khader, M. A. (2023). Variations of Serum CRP Levels in Periodontal Health and Diseases: A Clinico-Biochemical Study. Diagnostics, 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152483
Sproston, N. R., & Ashworth, J. J. (2018). Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(APR), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754
Wallace, H. A., & Zito, P. M. (2023). Wound Healing Phases. In StatPearls. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29262065
Barawi, S. A. M. (2014). Level of C - reactive protein as an indicator for prognosis of premature uterine contractions Corresponding author : JOurnal of Prenatal Medicine, 2, 25–30.
Bränn, E., Edvinsson, Å., Rostedt Punga, A., Sundström-Poromaa, I., & Skalkidou, A. (2019). Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in plasma: from late pregnancy to early postpartum. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38304-w
Buzas, E. I. (2023). The roles of extracellular vesicles in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, 23(4), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00763-8
Caballero-Herrero, M. J., Jumilla, E., Buitrago-Ruiz, M., Valero-Navarro, G., & Cuevas, S. (2023). Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPS) in the Postoperative Period after Colorectal Surgery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043862
Cicco, S., Cicco, G., Racanelli, V., & Vacca, A. (2020). NETosis covid review. Mediator of Inflamation, 2020, 1–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7527953
Fernando, L., Beserra, F. P., Bastos, J. K., & Jackson, C. J. (2021). Cutaneous Wound Healing : An Update from Physiopathology to Current Therapies. Life, 11(7), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070665
Geng, K., Ma, X., Jiang, Z., Huang, W., Gao, C., Pu, Y., Luo, L., Xu, Y., & Xu, Y. (2021). Innate Immunity in Diabetic Wound Healing: Focus on the Mastermind Hidden in Chronic Inflammatory. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12(April), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.653940
Gong, T., Liu, L., Jiang, W., & Zhou, R. (2020). DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nature Reviews Immunology, 20(2), 95–112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0215-7
Haapasalo, K., & Meri, S. (2019). Regulation of the Complement System by Pentraxins. Frontiers in Immunology |, 10(August), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01750
Hannoodee, S., & Nasuruddin, D. N. (2024). Respon Peradangan Akut Perkenalan Masalah yang Perlu Diperhatikan. StatPearls Publishing.
Jialal., R. G. M. A. A. I. (2023). Physiology, Acute Phase Reactants. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519570/
M.J.Portou, D.Baker, D.Abraham, & J.Tsui. (2015). The innate immune system, toll-like receptors and dermal wound healing: A review. Vascular Pharmacology, 71, 31–36. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537189115000476#!
Mertens, K., Muys, J., & Jacquemyn, Y. (2019). Postpartum C-Reactive Protein: A limited value to detect infection or inflammation. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn, 11(3), 243–250. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32082531%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC7020948
Miller, L. E., & Stevens, C. D. (2021). Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective. In Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri (fith, Vol. 01). F. A. Davis Company.
Mohr, S., Amylidi-Mohr, S. K., Stadelmann, P., Sculean, A., Persson, R., Eick, S., & Surbek, D. V. (2019). Systemic Inflammation in Pregnant Women With Periodontitis and Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Frontiers in Immunology, 10(November), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02624
Muin, D. A., Scharrer, A., Farr, A., Kiss, H., & Haslacher, H. (2021). Timing of hospital admission for stillbirth delivery on maternal and obstetric outcome: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98229-9
Nurhayati, Y. (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Nifas Tentang Vulva Hygiene Dengan Tingkat Kesembuhan Luka Perineum Pada Ibu Nifas. Jurnal Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 12–20.
Patel, S. M. N. A. G. B. C. (2023). C reactive protein (Japanese). In Jap.J.Clin.Path. (Vol. 31).
Pemiliana, P. D., Sarumpaet, I. H., & Ziliwu, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Ruptur Perineum Pada Persalinan Normal di Klinik Niar Medan Tahun 2018. Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan, 2(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.33096/woh.v2i2.623
Peter, K. (2018). Dissociation of C-Reactive Protein Localizes and Amplifies inflammation : evidence for a Direct Biological Role of C-Reactive Protein and its Conformational Changes. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01351
Pitharouli, M. C., Hagenaars, S. P., Glanville, K. P., Coleman, J. R. I., Hotopf, M., Lewis, C. M., & Pariante, C. M. (2021). Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Depression, Independent of Genetic, Health, and Psychosocial Factors: Results From the UK Biobank. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(6), 522–529. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20060947
Plebani, M. (2023). Why C-reactive protein is one of the most requested tests in clinical laboratories? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 61(9), 1540–1545. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-0086
Quansah, D. Y., Horsch, A., Gilbert, L., Donath, M. Y., & Puder, J. (2023). Protein C-reaktif selama kehamilan dan awal pascapersalinan memprediksi hasil kesehatan metabolik yang merugikan pada 1 tahun pascapersalinan pada wanita dengan diabetes gestasional. 1–11.
Schmitt, R., Pieper, L., Gonzalez-Grajales, L. A., Swinkels, J., Gelfert, C. C., & Staufenbiel, R. (2021). Evaluation of different acute-phase proteins for herd health diagnostics in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 88(1), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029921000078
Shankar, S., Manjunath, S., Alqahtani, S. M., Ganji, K. K., Nagate, R. R., Ghokale, S. T., Nagarajappa, A. K., Javali, M. A., Tikare, S., & Khader, M. A. (2023). Variations of Serum CRP Levels in Periodontal Health and Diseases: A Clinico-Biochemical Study. Diagnostics, 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152483
Sproston, N. R., & Ashworth, J. J. (2018). Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Frontiers in Immunology, 9(APR), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754
Wallace, H. A., & Zito, P. M. (2023). Wound Healing Phases. In StatPearls. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29262065