Care management for sick toddlers through integrated management of childhood illness approach
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Abstract
Efforts to promote child health aim to reduce the mortality rate of newborns, infants, and toddlers. One way to decrease the mortality rate among children under five is by enhancing the skills of healthcare workers in providing care through the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness approach. Implementing this approach effectively and on a wider scale can be cost-effective and significantly contribute to reducing the death rate among neonates, infants, and children under five. The aim of this study is to provide care management for sick toddlers through integrated management of childhood illness approach. This study is a case study that employs a descriptive observational method to examine the application of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness approach. The subject of the case study is a 4-year 8-month old toddler. The study took place at PMB Siti Nuraeni in September 2023. Data was collected directly (primary data) using the Varney management approach and documented using the SOAP format (subjective data assessment, objective data assessment, data analysis, and case management). The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis. The study concludes that data analysis is conducted by assessing subjective and objective data of a 4-year-8-month-old toddler, who has a cough but no pneumonia. The care for subject, is provided in line with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness approach. The study recommends that midwives should be able to observe and detect early signs of danger that may occur during the growth and development of toddlers.
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How to Cite
Hendayani, S. N. E. and Nurhayati, F. (2024) “Care management for sick toddlers through integrated management of childhood illness approach ”, Science Midwifery, 12(3), pp. 1329-1337. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v12i3.1639.
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Manti, S., Tosca, M. A., Licari, A., Brambilla, I., Foiadelli, T., Ciprandi, G., & Marseglia, G. L. (2020). Cough Remedies for Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives. Pediatric Drugs, 22(6), 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-020-00420-4
Parisius, L. M., Stock-Schröer, B., Berger, S., Hermann, K., & Joos, S. (2014). Use of home remedies: a cross-sectional survey of patients in Germany. BMC Family Practice, 15(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-15-116
Pinto, J., Peristiowati, Y., Puspitasari, Y., Indasah, I., Pinto, A., & Gusmão, O. M. G. M. (2023). The Implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Sick Children from 2 Months up to 5 Years Age Old with Diarrhea in Community Health Center. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 6(2), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v6i2.533
Sebo, P., Winkler, N. E., Moussa, M. A., Haller, D. M., & Maisonneuve, H. (2023). Nonpharmacological home remedies for upper respiratory tract infections: a cross-sectional study of primary care patients in Switzerland and France. Family Practice, 40(4), 564–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmad084
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BPPSDM. (2020). Rencana Aksi Program Badan PPSDM 2020-2024. Https://Pusdik-Sdmk.Kemkes.Go.Id/Content/Laporan/Rencana-Aksi-Program-Badan-Ppdm-Kesehatan-Tahun-2020-2024.
Chang, A. B., Landau, L. I., Van Asperen, P. P., Glasgow, N. J., Robertson, C. F., Marchant, J. M., & Mellis, C. M. (2006). Cough in children: definitions and clinical evaluation. Medical Journal of Australia, 184(8), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00290.x
Chung, K. F., McGarvey, L., Song, W.-J., Chang, A. B., Lai, K., Canning, B. J., Birring, S. S., Smith, J. A., & Mazzone, S. B. (2022). Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 8(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00370-w
Direktorat Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. (2023). Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Gizi dan Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak Tahun 2023.
Direktorat Jenderal Kefarmasian Dan Alat Kesehatan. (2020). Rencana Aksi Kegiatan (RAK) Direktorat Pelayanan Kefarmasian Tahun 2020-2024. Https://Farmalkes.Kemkes.Go.Id/Tagar/Rencana-Aksi/.
Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat. (2020). Kurikulum Pelatihan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Fitriana, F., Putri, S. K., & Darmawati, D. (2022). Kombinasi ekstrak jeruk nipis dan madu dalam meningkatkan daya hambat Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal SAGO Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 4(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i1.1065
García Sierra, A. M., & Ocampo Cañas, J. A. (2020). Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses implementation-related factors at 18 Colombian cities. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09216-0
Goldman, R. D. (2014). Honey for treatment of cough in children. Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien, 60(12), 1107–1108, 1110.
Hardoko, H., Jessica, M., & Halim, Y. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Cough Suppressant Functional Drink from Betel Leaves (Piper sarmentosum), Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and Honey. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 4(10), 695–702. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i10.7
IDAI. (2017). Rekomendasi Diagnosis Dan Tata Laksana Batuk Pada Anak. Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia.
Jasin. (2017). Hitung Napas Anak : Deteksi Awal Sesak Napas Pada Anak dengan Pneoumonia.
John Hopkins. (2023). John Hopkins Medicine Guideline. Https://Www.Hopkinsmedicine.Org/Institutional-Review-Board/Guidelines-Policies/Guidelines.
Jurca, M., Ramette, A., Dogaru, C. M., Goutaki, M., Spycher, B. D., Latzin, P., Gaillard, E. A., & Kuehni, C. E. (2017). Prevalence of cough throughout childhood: A cohort study. PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0177485. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177485
Kemenko PMK. (2022, August 22). Terus Pacu Kesehatan dan Pendidikan. Https://Www.Kemenkopmk.Go.Id/Terus-Pacu-Kesehatan-Dan-Pendidikan.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2020). PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG RENCANA STRATEGIS KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN TAHUN 2020-2024. In https://kkpbanten.org/rencana-strategis-kementerian-kesehatan-ri-tahun-2020-2024/.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2020.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 25 Tahun 2014 tentang Upaya Kesehatan Anak. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Buku Bagan Manajemen Terpadi Balita Sakit. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia,
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Informasi Umum Karakteristik Bayi- Balita dan Anak Pra Sekolah. In Karakteristik Bayi-Balita Dan Anak Pra Sekolah,
Lee, K. K., Davenport, P. W., Smith, J. A., Irwin, R. S., McGarvey, L., Mazzone, S. B., Birring, S. S., Abu Dabrh, A., Altman, K. W., Barker, A. F., Birring, S. S., Blackhall, F., Bolser, D. C., Brightling, C., Chang, A. B., Davenport, P., El Solh, A. A., Escalante, P., Field, S. K., … Vertigan, A. E. (2021). Global Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cough. Chest, 159(1), 282–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.2086
Maharani, S., Waroca, D., Muliasari, S., & Setiawan. (2024). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN BATUK PADA ANAK USIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PAKJO KOTA PALEMBANG. Https://Jurnal.Stik-Sitikhadijah.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Multiscience/Article/Download/415/265/.
Manti, S., Tosca, M. A., Licari, A., Brambilla, I., Foiadelli, T., Ciprandi, G., & Marseglia, G. L. (2020). Cough Remedies for Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives. Pediatric Drugs, 22(6), 617–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-020-00420-4
Parisius, L. M., Stock-Schröer, B., Berger, S., Hermann, K., & Joos, S. (2014). Use of home remedies: a cross-sectional survey of patients in Germany. BMC Family Practice, 15(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-15-116
Pinto, J., Peristiowati, Y., Puspitasari, Y., Indasah, I., Pinto, A., & Gusmão, O. M. G. M. (2023). The Implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Sick Children from 2 Months up to 5 Years Age Old with Diarrhea in Community Health Center. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 6(2), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v6i2.533
Sebo, P., Winkler, N. E., Moussa, M. A., Haller, D. M., & Maisonneuve, H. (2023). Nonpharmacological home remedies for upper respiratory tract infections: a cross-sectional study of primary care patients in Switzerland and France. Family Practice, 40(4), 564–568. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmad084
Sharma, S., Hashmi, M. F., & Alhajjaj, M. S. (2023). Cough. Statpearls Publishing.
Standford. (2024). Signs of Respiratory Distress in Children. Https://Www.Stanfordchildrens.Org/En/Topic/Default?Id=signs-of-Respiratory-Distress-in-Children-90-P02960.
The Royal Children’s Hospital. (2022). Cough. Https://Www.Rch.Org.Au/Kidsinfo/Fact_sheets/Cough/#:~:Text=Cough%20is%20a%20very%20common,With%20coughs%20caused%20by%20viruses.
WHO. (2024, June). Integrated management of childhood illness. Https://Www.Who.Int/Teams/Maternal-Newborn-Child-Adolescent-Health-and-Ageing/Child-Health/Integrated-Management-of-Childhood-Illness/.
Yupanqui Mieles, J., Vyas, C., Aslan, E., Humphreys, G., Diver, C., & Bartolo, P. (2022). Honey: An Advanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Applications. Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081663