Analysis of factors related to stress levels in outpatients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension during the Covid-19 pandemic in Aceh Besar Regency
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Abstract
The prognosis of COVID-19 is influenced by age and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), pulmonary diseases, and obesity. Observations have found that patients who test positive for the coronavirus often experience anxiety and have high stress levels, particularly among outpatients at health centers. This study aims to analyze the factors related to stress levels in outpatients with DM and hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic at Krueng Barona Jaya Health Center, Aceh Besar Regency. This quantitative research employs a cross-sectional study approach. The sample consists of 111 individuals out of a total of 154 outpatients with DM and hypertension in the working area of Krueng Barona Jaya Health Center, Aceh Besar Regency, selected through stratified proportional random sampling. Data collection was conducted in the working area of Krueng Barona Jaya Health Center from August 4 to August 10, 2022, using questionnaires distributed to the respondents. The statistical test used was logistic regression with STATA software. The study results showed that 45 individuals (45.04%) experienced moderate stress levels. Bivariate analysis revealed a partial relationship between knowledge, family support, and income with the stress levels of outpatients with DM and hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic at Krueng Barona Jaya Health Center, Aceh Besar Regency (p<0.05).
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How to Cite
Yanti, C. A. F., Ichwansyah, F., Hermansyah, H., Marthoenis, M. and Abdullah, A. (2024) “Analysis of factors related to stress levels in outpatients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension during the Covid-19 pandemic in Aceh Besar Regency”, Science Midwifery, 12(3), pp. 1372-1380. doi: 10.35335/midwifery.v12i3.1630.
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Strom, J. L., & Egede, L. E. (2012). The Impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Current Diabetes Reports, 12(6), 769–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11892-012-0317-0/METRICS
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Zhao, Y., An, Y., Tan, X., & Li, X. (2024). Mental Health and Its Influencing Factors among Self-Isolating Ordinary Citizens during the Beginning Epidemic of COVID-19. Loss and Trauma in the COVID-19 Era, 79–92. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032647876-9
Arifin, B., & Anas, T. (2021). Lessons learned from COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia: experiences, challenges, and opportunities. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 17(11), 3898–3906. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1975450
Benvenuto, D., Giovanetti, M., Salemi, M., Prosperi, M., De Flora, C., Junior Alcantara, L. C., Angeletti, S., & Ciccozzi, M. (2020). The global spread of 2019-nCoV: a molecular evolutionary analysis. Pathogens and Global Health, 114(2), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/20477724.2020.1725339
Bondarchuk, O., Balakhtar, V., Pinchuk, N., Pustovalov, I., & Pavlenok, K. (2024). Coping with stressfull situations using coping strategies and their impact on mental health. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7, 2024spe034-2024spe034. https://doi.org/10.31893/MULTIREV.2024SPE034
Charlson, M., Charlson, R. E., Briggs, W., & Hollenberg, J. (2007). Can disease management target patients most likely to generate high costs? The impact of comorbidity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(4), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11606-007-0130-7/METRICS
Chtourou, H., Trabelsi, K., H’Mida, C., Boukhris, O., Glenn, J. M., Brach, M., Bentlage, E., Bott, N., Jesse Shephard, R., Ammar, A., & Luigi Bragazzi, N. (2020). Staying physically active during the quarantine and self-isolation period for controlling and mitigating the covid-19 pandemic: A systematic overview of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 548920. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.01708/BIBTEX
Handayani, S., Ilmiah, J., Keperawatan, B., Kesehatan, D., Hasneli, Y., Amir, Y., Keperawatan, F., & Riau, U. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Spiritual Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR), 5(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.35473/IJNR.V5I2.1820
Jahrami, H., Buheji, M., & Dhahi, A. S. (2020a). Minimising Stress Exposure During Pandemics Similar to COVID-19. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2020(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201001.02
Jahrami, H., Buheji, M., & Dhahi, A. S. (2020b). Minimising Stress Exposure During Pandemics Similar to COVID-19. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2020(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijpbs.20201001.02
Jain, A., Bodicherla, K., Raza, Q., & Sahu, K. (2020). Impact on mental health by “Living in Isolation and Quarantine” during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(10), 5415. https://doi.org/10.4103/JFMPC.JFMPC_1572_20
Kaligis, F., Indraswari, M. T., & Ismail, R. I. (2020). Stress during COVID-19 pandemic: mental health condition in Indonesia. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 29(4), 436–441. https://doi.org/10.13181/MJI.BC.204640
Kang, S., Peng, W., Zhu, Y., Lu, S., Zhou, M., Lin, W., Wu, W., Huang, S., Jiang, L., Luo, X., & Deng, M. (2020). Recent progress in understanding 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with human respiratory disease: detection, mechanisms and treatment. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(5), 105950. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJANTIMICAG.2020.105950
Karnadi, E. B., & Kusumahadi, T. A. (2021). Why Does Indonesia Have a High Covid-19 Case-Fatality Rate? JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan, 14(2), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.15294/JEJAK.V14I2.29580
Khairulbahri, M. (2021). Lessons learned from three Southeast Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Policy Modeling, 43(6), 1354–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPOLMOD.2021.09.002
Okeahalam, C., Williams, V., & Otwombe, K. (2020). Factors associated with COVID-19 infections and mortality in Africa: A cross-sectional study using publicly available data. BMJ Open, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-042750
Olivia, S., Gibson, J., & Nasrudin, R. (2020). Indonesia in the Time of Covid-19. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(2), 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1798581
PH, L., Mubin, M. F., & Basthomi, Y. (2020). “Learning Task” Attributable to Students’ Stress During the Pandemic Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(2), 203–208. https://doi.org/10.32584/JIKJ.V3I2.590
Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., Maryniuk, M. D., Siminerio, L., & Vivian, E. (2017). Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Diabetes Educator, 43(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721716689694/ASSET/0145721716689694.FP.PNG_V03
Salata, C., Calistri, A., Parolin, C., & Palù, G. (2020). Coronaviruses: A paradigm of new emerging zoonotic diseases. Pathogens and Disease, 77(9). https://doi.org/10.1093/FEMSPD/FTAA006
Strom, J. L., & Egede, L. E. (2012). The Impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Current Diabetes Reports, 12(6), 769–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11892-012-0317-0/METRICS
Suppawittaya, P., Yiemphat, P., & Yasri, P. (n.d.). Effects of Social Distancing, Self-Quarantine and Self-Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on People’s Well-Being, and How to Cope with It. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (Www.Ijshr.Com), 5(2), 12. Retrieved July 17, 2024, from www.ijshr.com
Susilawati, S., Falefi, R., & Purwoko, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19’s Pandemic on the Economy of Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 3(2), 1147–1156. https://doi.org/10.33258/BIRCI.V3I2.954
Tenda, E. D., Asaf, M. M., Pradipta, A., Kumaheri, M. A., & Susanto, A. P. (2021). The COVID-19 surge in Indonesia: what we learned and what to expect. Breathe, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0146-2021
Theodoritsi, A., Aravantinou, M. E., Gravani, V., Bourtsi, E., Vasilopoulou, C., Theofilou, P., & Polikandrioti, M. (2016). Factors Associated with the Social Support of Hemodialysis Patients. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 45(10), 1261. /pmc/articles/PMC5149489/
Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y. M., Wang, W., Song, Z. G., Hu, Y., Tao, Z. W., Tian, J. H., Pei, Y. Y., Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Y. L., Dai, F. H., Liu, Y., Wang, Q. M., Zheng, J. J., Xu, L., Holmes, E. C., & Zhang, Y. Z. (2020). A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature, 579(7798), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41586-020-2008-3
Zhao, Y., An, Y., Tan, X., & Li, X. (2024). Mental Health and Its Influencing Factors among Self-Isolating Ordinary Citizens during the Beginning Epidemic of COVID-19. Loss and Trauma in the COVID-19 Era, 79–92. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032647876-9